Impact of development project on vectors in Indonesia

在印度尼西亚东部的中苏拉威西、北塞拉姆和西帝汶的三个研究地点调查了稻田开发对病媒的影响。对传播疟疾、丝虫病和登革热的蚊子、参与病原体机械传播的苍蝇、叮咬人畜的马蝇、人畜共患病的宿主老鼠、人类居住条件、人们对蚊子和蚊媒疾病的了解以及灭蚊措施进行了观察。在苏拉威西州森特拉克，连续4年调查了砍伐森林用于稻田开发的变化。由于经济和技术原因，灌溉渠道的建设被推迟，大部分被砍伐的土地仍然是荒地，可能会产生许多蚊子滋生的栖息地。在刚刚建立的新村庄和15岁以下的老村庄…建立后，最重要的蚊子滋生地是排放生活污水的沟渠。在新建立的灌溉稻田中，由于捕食性天敌稀少，蚊子幼虫经常以非常高的密度出现。在西帝汶，调查了大坝建设工地、雨水灌溉稻田地区和旱地作物区与相关村庄的蚊子滋生栖息地，作为比较，调查了灌溉稻田地区与相关村庄的蚊子繁殖生境。在旱季，非灌区的蚊子滋生栖息地很少，几乎仅限于河床池塘和房屋及其周围的容器以保持水分。这一观察必须持续到2002年，届时非灌区将用新的水坝和运河灌溉。调查苍蝇、马蝇和老鼠的种类组成和丰度与环境条件的关系。问卷调查显示，与没有灌溉的村庄相比，有灌溉稻田的村庄的人对蚊子和蚊媒疾病的了解更好，灭蚊措施的实施也更广泛。较少

Impact of rice field development on disease vectors was investigated at three research sites in Central Sulawesi, North Seram, and West Timor, all in east Indonesia. Observation was made for mosquitoes transmitting malaria, filariasis and dengue fever, flies involved in mechanical transmission of pathogens, horseflies biting humans and livestock, rats as reservoir hosts for zoonosis, conditions of human dwellings, people's knowledge about mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases, and anti-mosquito measures.In Centrak Sulawesi, changes following the deforestation for rice field development were investigated for four years. Irrigation canal construction was delayed due to economic and technological reasons and most parts of the deforested lands have remained as waste lands which may produce many mosquito breeding habitats.In North Seram, changes in transmigration villages after their establishment were investigated. Throughout the new villages just established and older ones up to 15 years … More after establishment, the most important mosquito breeding habitats were ditches where domestic waste water was discharged. In newly established irrigated rice fields, mosquito larvae often occurred at very high densities due to the scarcity of predacious natural enemies.I n West Timor, mosquito breeding habitats were investigated at the dam construction site, rain-fed rice field areas and upland crop areas with associated villages, and, for comparison, irrigated rice field areas with associated villages. In the dry season, mosquito breeding habitats in non-irrigation areas were few and almost limited to river-bed pools and containers in and around houses to keep water. This observation has to be continued until 2002 when the non-irrigation areas will be irrigated by the new dum and canals.Species composition and abundance of flies, horse flies and rats were investigated in relation to environmental conditions. Questionnaire studies revealed that people in villages with irrigated rice fields know mosquitoes and mosquito-borne disease better and implement anti-mosquito measures more extensively, as compared to people in villages without irrigation. Less