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Chemical structure and properties of disordered systems

无序系统的化学结构和性质

基本信息

批准号：
10044045
负责人：
NAKAMURA Yoshio
金额：
$ 4.93万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B).
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1998 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1). Mercury, a representative liquid metal, shows a metal-nonmetal transition in the supercritical region, and selenium, a representative liquid semiconductor, shows a transition from semiconductor to metal, and then to insulator. It is very important to investigate the relation between these physical properties and the atomic arrangement, density fluctuation or cluster formation in these materials. In the present study we have obtained some interesting results on the short-, medium-, and long-range structure of supercritical mercury and selenium, using the facilities of ESRF of Grenoble and Spring-8 of Nishiharima as strong X-ray sources.2). In superionic conductor glasses the dielectric relaxation associated with the glass transition cannot be observed due to large ionic conductivity. In the high frequency region, however, the contribution of ionic conduction is relatively small and it is expected to observe this dielectric relaxation. In this year, measurements of dielectric relaxat … More ion for AgI-AgィイD22ィエD2O-BィイD22ィエD2OィイD23ィエD2, AgI-AgPOィイD23ィエD2 have been made at the Bourgogne University up to the glass transition temperature over the frequency range from 1MHZ to 1GHz. From the results obtained we discuss quantitatively considering the concentration fluctuation of oxides and halides in the glasses. We have also made some preliminary measurements on bromine NMR in an aqueous solution of ZnBrィイD22ィエD2 over a temperature range from room temperature to above 100℃.3). The alkali metal-mercury alloy systems show interesting electronic properties such as minimum of thermoelectric power. It is strongly suggested that the medium range chemical order due to the charge transfer between the constituent atoms is related to these properties. In this year we have measured the X-ray absorption (EXAFS and XANES) for the liquid Rb-Hg system, at ESRF of Grenoble. The absorption at the L-edge for Hg and at the K-edge for Rb was measured as a function of alloy composition. From these results we have found that the change of the stucture around the Hg and Rb atoms is strongly correlated with the electronic properties of this system. Less

1）。代表性的液态金属汞在超临界区表现出金属-非金属转变，代表性的液态半导体硒表现出从半导体到金属，然后到绝缘体的转变。研究这些物理性质与材料中的原子排列、密度涨落或团簇形成之间的关系是非常重要的。在本研究中，我们获得了一些有趣的结果，短期，中期和长期结构的超临界汞和硒，使用ESRF的格勒诺布尔和春天-8的西播磨的强X射线源。在超离子导体玻璃中，由于大的离子电导率，不能观察到与玻璃化转变相关的介电弛豫。然而，在高频区域中，离子传导的贡献相对较小，并且期望观察到这种介电弛豫。今年，介电弛豫的测量 ...更多信息 AgI-Ag_（22）O_（23）O根据所得结果，我们定量地讨论了考虑玻璃中的氧化物和卤化物的浓度波动。我们还对溴在ZnBr_（22）O_（2碱金属-汞合金系统显示出有趣的电子性质，如最小的热电功率。这是强烈建议，由于组成原子之间的电荷转移的中程化学秩序是与这些属性。今年，我们在格勒诺布尔的ESRF测量了液态Rb-Hg系统的X射线吸收（EXAFS和XANES）。在L-边缘的Hg和Rb的K-边缘的吸收作为合金成分的函数进行测量。结果表明，Hg和Rb原子周围结构的变化与体系的电子性质密切相关。少