Structure Health Monitoring to Mitigate Urban Seismic Hazard

研究智能传感技术在大型土木结构中的应用的动机是希望减轻对公众的潜在危险。目前的检测方法要么是被动的，要么是在地震灾害导致结构灾难性失效后才进行的。嵌入或安装在结构上的分布式智能传感器提供了按需评估损害的独特能力，以在地震灾难发生之前、期间和之后提供结构的当前状态。无线通信技术允许远程执行这种结构健康监测。这项研究的目的是交流日本和美国正在进行的研究项目的信息，并找到以下几个有前途的联合研究领域：1)利用光纤、碳纤维等开发新的传感器技术。2)结构控制先进技术的应用3)MET…的开发和应用更多与系统识别相对应的方法，如自适应卡尔曼滤波、蒙特卡罗滤波、神经网络、混沌时间序列识别算法、遗传算法、奇异分解技术。4)遥感技术在大系统内部状态识别中的应用和发展。5)现有结构健康状态无损识别技术在健康监测系统信息交换的基础上，发展了新的系统识别算法，如自适应卡尔曼滤波、自适应H无穷滤波和自适应蒙特卡罗滤波。研制了一种简单、廉价、可监测峰值应变或位移的无源传感器。提出了一种将冲击传感器与振动陀螺仪和悬臂梁相结合来检测结构响应不连续的方法。利用数码相机和图像处理技术，研制了钢筋混凝土结构裂缝检测系统。将声发射的速率过程分析与损伤力学方法相结合，提出了从混凝土试件中进行结构混凝土损伤评估的方法

The motivation for investigating the application of smart sensoring technology to large civil structures arises from the desire to mitigate potential hazards to the general public. Current inspection approaches are either passive or occur after the earthquake disaster caused a catastrophic structure failure. Distributed smart sensors embedded or mounted on the structure offer the unique ability to assess damage on demand to deliver the current state of the structure prior, during and after a earthquake disaster occurred. Wireless communication technology permits this structural health monitoring to be performed remotely. The purpose of this research is to exchange the information of on going research projects in both Japan and U.S.A.and to find number of promising area for joint research as listed following :1) Development of new sensor technologies using optical fiber, carbon fiber, etc.2) Application of advanced technologies for structural control3) Development and application of met … More hodologies corresponding to the system identification such as the adaptive Kalman filter, Monte Carlo filter, neural network, algorithm to identify chaotic time series, genetic algorithm, singular decomposition technique.4) Application and development of remote sensing technologies to identify internal condition of large systems.5) Non-destructive technologies to identify the health condition of existing structuresBased on the exchange of information on health monitoring systems we developed new system identification algorithms such as adaptive Kalman filter, adaptive H infinity filter and adaptive Monte Carlo filter. Simple and inexpensive passive sensors that can monitor the peak strain or displacement were developed. A method was developed to detect discontinuities in response of structure by using the jerk sensor combined with a vibratory gyroscope and a cantilever. A crack detecting system of RC structures was developed using a digital camera and image processing technology. Damage estimation of structural concrete from concrete samples was developed, combining the rate process analysis of acoustic emission (AE) with damage mechanics Less