Evaluation of HIV Borna disease virus in AIDS dementia

1) HIV-1容易诱导突变，因此HIV-1可以分为几个亚型。然而，大多数HIV-1研究都是针对分布在西方国家和日本的B亚型进行的。为了了解艾滋病的发病机制，不同亚型HIV-1的比较研究是有效的。我们通过培养感染泰国携带者的外周血单个核细胞（PBMCs）获得了两株HIV-1 E亚型分离株（命名为95TNIH022和95TNIH047）。此外，我们还可以利用感染PBMCs的总DNA，用PCR扩增出的DNA片段制备其全长DNA。两个E亚型的全长序列显示A/E亚型的嵌合体HIV-1，如前所述。质粒p95TNIH002和p95tnih047具有传染性。此外，我们发现在E亚型感染个体中，对Nef的抗体反应很低或没有，而大约30-40%的B亚型感染个体诱导了对Nef的抗体，尽管这些抗体仅对B亚型而不是E亚型的Nef蛋白有反应。2)在哥斯达黎加，我们发现一些马和精神分裂症患者的BDV感染呈阳性。此外，我们发现BDV在中国精神分裂症患者中呈阳性。

1) HIV-1 easily induce mutations and therefore HIV-1 can be classified into several subtypes. However, most of the HIV-1 research has been worked on subtype B which distribute in Western countries and Japan. To understand AIDS pathogenesis, comparative studies among different subtypes of HIV-1 are effective.We have obtained two isolates (named 95TNIH022 and 95TNIH047) of HIV-1 subtype E by the culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from infected Thai carriers. In addition, we could prepare their full-length DNA by using DNA fragment amplified by PCR using total DNAs from the infected PBMCs. Full-length sequences of the two subtype E showed mosaic HIV-1 of subtypes A/E, as reported previously. These DNAs in plasmid (p95TNIH002 and p95tnih047) were found to be infectious. Further, we showed that there were low or no antibody responses to Nef in subtype E-infected individuals, whereas abut 30-40% of the subtype B-infected individuals induced antibodies to Nef, although these antibodies were reactive only against subtype B, but not subtype E, Nef protein.2) In Costa Rica, we found that several cases in horses and patients with schizophrenia were positive for BDV infection. In addition, we found that BDV was positive in Chinese patients with schizophrenia.