APPLICATION OF HAIR ANALYSIS TO PREVENT DRUG HAZARDS

本研究是由美国犹他大学人类毒理学研究中心与日本岐阜大学医学院药学系联合进行的为期2年的国际合作项目。在1998年和1999年的日本临床头发分析学会年会上，由T. Uematsu教授监督，D.E. Rollins教授被邀请发表最新的艺术讲座并讨论正在进行的合作研究。此外，日本工作人员还前往美国交流研究信息。在美国，在许多不同头发颜色的人类志愿者和移植了不同头发颜色的人类头皮的裸鼠身上，对抗菌氧氟沙星作为头发时间标记物的有效性进行了评估。结果，氧氟沙星被证明在头发中起着计时的作用，与头发的颜色无关。在日本，对肾功能不全患者的头发进行了抗心律失常黄曲霉素、内源性糠醛酸（FCA）和头发蛋白糖化程度的分析。氟氯胺在患者头发中的积累与头发中的平均浓度成正比，该药物沿发轴的轴向分布分析揭示了个体过去的用药史。虽然FCA在肾功能不全患者的血清中有蓄积，但由于汗的外部污染，阻碍了通过FCA毛发分析来判断肾功能不全的程度。另一方面，头发蛋白的糖基化程度，即头发中果糖-溶酶水解产物的浓度，随着糖尿病控制的恶化而明显增加，表明果糖-溶酶沿毛轴的轴向分布告诉我们几个月来个体糖尿病控制的时间概况。总的来说，头发分析已被证明对追踪个人药物使用非常有用，而不考虑头发颜色和糖尿病疾病状态的时间概况，但不考虑肾功能不全。少

This research was conducted for 2 years as international collaboration project between the Center for Human Toxicology, Utah University, USA and the Department of Pharmacology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan. At the annual meetings of 1998 and 1999 of the Japanese Society of Clinical Hair Analysis, supervised by Prof. T. Uematsu, Prof. D.E. Rollins was invited to present State-of-Art lectures and to discuss the on-going collaborative research. Also, Japanese staff went to the United States to exchange the research informations. In the United States the usefulness of application of antimicrobial ofloxacin as a time-marker in hair was evaluated both in many human volunteers with different hair colors and in the nude mice transplanted with human scalp with hair of different color. As a result, ofloxacin was shown to act as time-marker in hair irrespective of hair color. In Japan, the hair analyses of antiarrhythmic flecainide, endogeneous furancarboxylic acid (FCA), which accum … More ulates in serum with renal insufficiency, and the degree of hair protein glycation were conducted. Flecainide was shown to accumulate in patient hair in proportion to the mean concentration in hair and the analysis of axial distribution of this drug along the hair shaft revealed the individual past history of drug use. Although FCA accumulates in the serum of patient with renal insufficiency, the external contamination of har through sweat hindered estimating the degree of renal insufficiency by hair analysis of FCA. On the other hand, the degree of glycation of hair protein, which was measured as the concentration of hydrolyzed product of fructose-lysin in hair, clearly increased as the diabetic control was deteriorated, showing that the axial distribution of fructose-lysin along the hair shaft tells us the time-profile of individual diabetic control over several months. As a whole, hair analysis has been shown to be quite useful to trace back individual drug use, irrespective of hair color, and the time-profile of disease state of diabetes mellitus, but not of renal insufficiency. Less