Project LiNa-Wave: Development of a working model solid-state battery system for maritime applications

在Project _LiNa-Wave_项目中，合作伙伴将展示用于海事应用的氯化钠镍（NaNiCl 2）电池平台的概念验证。迫切需要提供零排放航运的解决方案。尽管引入了混合动力船舶，但到2050年，海上温室气体排放量目前仍将增加50%至250%，足以破坏巴黎协定的目标。成本，安全供应链，性能和安全证书使NaNiCl 2电池比主流锂离子电池（LiB）解决方案具有许多优势，LiB在海洋应用中的使用受到严重的、未解决的安全问题的阻碍，这些问题源于其核心的易燃有机物，使其易于发生灾难性的热事件[火灾、爆炸]。这种固有的不稳定化学性质也使LiB回收变得危险和昂贵;英国没有设施可以大量回收LiB。它们依赖于越来越稀缺的元素，特别是锂和钴。其他解决方案，如氢燃料电池或改用生物燃料，可以减少化石燃料的使用，但由于加油和维护所需的大型港口基础设施投资，使用量可能会缓慢增长。相比之下，锂钠电池不需要欧洲关键原材料清单上的材料;电解质是由廉价、丰富的电子陶瓷制成的，它们的惰性意味着它们不会着火，比LiB具有巨大的安全优势。在早期的一个项目中，LiNa已经确定，现有的工艺可以用于回收NaNiCl 2电池，理论回收率超过95%。LiNa的建模经过第三方专家的独立验证，预测一旦开始大规模生产，每千瓦时的成本为50美元，是LiB的一半。在这个项目中，合作伙伴将定义一套全面和量化的最终用户要求，他们将定义一个测试协议，他们将遵循该协议来证明NaNiCl 2系统满足这些要求的能力。试验结果将独立验证。在准备示范原型的后续项目时，他们将进行建模，以确定该系统在海洋环境中的最佳设计。将对适用法规进行调查，并将调查结果纳入设计。将确定未来产品的保修和认证途径。将为后续项目编制一份规格说明，其中还将确定必要的商业安排。

In Project _LiNa-Wave_, the partners will demonstrate proof-of-concept for a sodium-nickel-chloride (NaNiCl2) battery platform for maritime applications.There is an acute need for solutions that deliver zero-emission shipping. In spite of the introduction of hybrid vessels, maritime GHGs are currently on track to increase by between 50% and 250% by 2050, enough to undermine Paris Agreement targets.Cost, secure-supply chain, performance and safety credentials give NaNiCl2 batteries many advantages over the dominant lithium-ion battery (LiB) solutions, and make the LiNa platform ideal to provide power and auxiliary services in marine applications.LiB use in maritime applications is hampered by serious, unresolved safety issues arising from the flammable organics at their core, making them prone to catastrophic thermal events \[fires, explosions\]. This inherently unstable chemistry also makes LiB recycling dangerous and expensive; no UK facilities exist to recycle LiBs at high volumes . They rely on increasingly scarce elements, notably lithium throughout and cobalt in their cathode. Other solutions, such as hydrogen fuel cells or switching to bio-fuels, could reduce fossil-fuel use but take-up is likely to advance slowly due to the large port infrastructure investments required for refuelling and maintenance.The LiNa battery, in contrast, requires no materials on the European critical raw materials list; the electrolyte is made from cheap, abundant, electro-ceramics, Their inert nature means they cannot catch fire, offering a huge safety advantage over LiBs. In an earlier project, LiNa has established that existing processes can be used to recycle NaNiCl2 batteries, with a theoretical recovery rate above 95%. LiNa's modelling, independently validated by third-party experts, forecasts a cost of $50 per kWh once mass production begins, half that of LiB.In this project, the partners will define a comprehensive and quantified set of end-user requirements, they will define a test protocol which they will follow to prove the ability of the NaNiCl2 system to meet these requirements. Trial results will be independently validated. In preparation for a follow-on project to demonstrate the prototype, they will carry out modelling to determine the optimal design of the system in the maritime environment. A survey of applicable regulation will be undertaken, and results incorporated into the design. Paths to warranty and certification of the future product will be defined. A spec for the follow-on project will be produced, which will also define the necessary commercial arrangements.