Project LiNa-Wave: Development of a working model solid-state battery system for maritime applications

在Project_Lina-Wave_中，合作伙伴将演示用于海上应用的氯化钠(NaNiCl2)电池平台的概念验证。迫切需要提供零排放运输的解决方案。尽管引入了混合动力船舶，但到2050年，海洋温室气体排放量仍将增加50%至250%，足以破坏《巴黎协定》的目标。成本、安全供应链、性能和安全证书使NaNiCl2电池具有许多优于主要锂离子电池(LIB)解决方案的优势，并使LINA平台成为在海洋应用中提供电力和辅助服务的理想选择。LiB在海上应用中的使用受到其核心易燃有机物引发的严重且未解决的安全问题的阻碍，使其容易发生灾难性的热事件[火灾、爆炸\]。这种与生俱来的不稳定化学也使LIB回收既危险又昂贵；英国没有设施可以大量回收LIB。它们依赖于越来越稀缺的元素，特别是锂元素和钴元素。其他解决方案，如氢燃料电池或改用生物燃料，可以减少化石燃料的使用，但由于加油和维护所需的大型港口基础设施投资，其普及可能会缓慢。相比之下，LINA电池不需要欧洲关键原材料清单上的材料；电解液由廉价、充足的电子陶瓷制成，它们的惰性意味着它们不会着火，这提供了比LIBS更大的安全优势。在之前的一个项目中，LINA已经确定了现有的工艺可以用于回收NaNiCl2电池，理论回收率超过95%。LINA的模型由第三方专家独立验证，预测一旦开始批量生产，每千瓦时的成本为50美元，是LiB的一半。在这个项目中，合作伙伴将定义一套全面的、量化的最终用户要求，他们将定义测试协议，他们将遵循该协议，以证明NaNiCl2系统满足这些要求的能力。试验结果将得到独立验证。在为演示原型的后续项目做准备时，他们将进行建模，以确定该系统在海洋环境中的最佳设计。将对适用的法规进行调查，并将结果纳入设计。将确定未来产品的保修和认证途径。将为后续项目制定一份规格书，其中还将确定必要的商业安排。

In Project _LiNa-Wave_, the partners will demonstrate proof-of-concept for a sodium-nickel-chloride (NaNiCl2) battery platform for maritime applications.There is an acute need for solutions that deliver zero-emission shipping. In spite of the introduction of hybrid vessels, maritime GHGs are currently on track to increase by between 50% and 250% by 2050, enough to undermine Paris Agreement targets.Cost, secure-supply chain, performance and safety credentials give NaNiCl2 batteries many advantages over the dominant lithium-ion battery (LiB) solutions, and make the LiNa platform ideal to provide power and auxiliary services in marine applications.LiB use in maritime applications is hampered by serious, unresolved safety issues arising from the flammable organics at their core, making them prone to catastrophic thermal events \[fires, explosions\]. This inherently unstable chemistry also makes LiB recycling dangerous and expensive; no UK facilities exist to recycle LiBs at high volumes . They rely on increasingly scarce elements, notably lithium throughout and cobalt in their cathode. Other solutions, such as hydrogen fuel cells or switching to bio-fuels, could reduce fossil-fuel use but take-up is likely to advance slowly due to the large port infrastructure investments required for refuelling and maintenance.The LiNa battery, in contrast, requires no materials on the European critical raw materials list; the electrolyte is made from cheap, abundant, electro-ceramics, Their inert nature means they cannot catch fire, offering a huge safety advantage over LiBs. In an earlier project, LiNa has established that existing processes can be used to recycle NaNiCl2 batteries, with a theoretical recovery rate above 95%. LiNa's modelling, independently validated by third-party experts, forecasts a cost of $50 per kWh once mass production begins, half that of LiB.In this project, the partners will define a comprehensive and quantified set of end-user requirements, they will define a test protocol which they will follow to prove the ability of the NaNiCl2 system to meet these requirements. Trial results will be independently validated. In preparation for a follow-on project to demonstrate the prototype, they will carry out modelling to determine the optimal design of the system in the maritime environment. A survey of applicable regulation will be undertaken, and results incorporated into the design. Paths to warranty and certification of the future product will be defined. A spec for the follow-on project will be produced, which will also define the necessary commercial arrangements.