Development of odour-based non-invasive diagnostics (NID) for infectious diseases to deliver affordable, accurate and accessible diagnosis

许多传染病会引起人体气味的变化，产生一种可能用于快速，低成本和非侵入性诊断的特征。Arctech Innovation正在早期研究的基础上创建一个突破性的诊断平台，利用电子传感器准确检测感染个体的独特特征。该项目侧重于以疟疾作为初始概念验证的原型诊断设备开发，验证Arctech Innovation的方法，并解决对早期诊断和检测无症状/轻微的疟疾感染经常未被发现或误诊。它建立在广泛的分析化学研究和Arctech Innovation的初步传感器评估/评估的基础上，这些研究表明，在比目前更早的阶段和感染水平较低的情况下检测疟疾是可行的。这种改变游戏规则的解决方案将为全球弱势群体带来广泛的社会经济效益。2019年，全球87个国家共发生约2.29亿例疟疾病例，约40.9万人死亡。尽管以前取得了成功，但防治疟疾的进展已经停滞，世卫组织降低发病率和死亡率的目标将无法实现，同时直接/间接经济成本巨大。进一步的进展需要解决关键的挑战，如改进早期诊断方法（晚期诊断前2周）和检测仍能传播疟疾寄生虫的无症状个体，这些个体可能占后续传播的50%。疟疾诊断市场（2020年价值约8亿英镑）对发展中国家的早期诊断和监测系统的需求越来越大，这是一个重要的出口机会。更广泛的传染病市场是一个更大的机会，从而证明了我们技术的潜在价值。

There are no changes to the published description, as detailed below:Many infectious diseases cause changes in human body odour, generating a profile that can potentially be used for rapid, low-cost and non-invasive diagnosis. Arctech Innovation is building on early research to create a breakthrough diagnostic platform utilising electronic sensors to accurately detect the unique profiles from infected individuals.This project focuses on prototype diagnostic device development with malaria as an initial proof-of-concept, to validate Arctech Innovation's approach and address a critical need for improved methods of early-stage diagnosis and detecting asymptomatic/mild malaria infections that are frequently undetected or misdiagnosed. It builds on extensive analytical chemistry studies and Arctech Innovation's initial sensor evaluation/assessment, which show feasibility of detecting malaria at an earlier stage than is currently possible and when infection levels are lower.This game-changing solution will deliver wide-ranging socio-economic benefits to globally-disadvantaged groups. Worldwide, there were ~229m malaria cases and ~409,000 deaths during 2019 in 87 countries. Despite previous success, progress against malaria has stalled, and WHO morbidity and mortality reduction targets will be missed whilst the economic direct/indirect costs are vast. Further progress requires addressing key challenges such as improved methods for early-stage diagnosis (2 weeks prior to late-stage diagnosis) and detecting asymptomatic individuals that can still transmit malaria parasites and may account for up to 50% of onward transmission.The malaria diagnostics market (2020 value ~£800m) increasingly demands early diagnosis and surveillance systems in developing countries, representing a significant export opportunity. The wider infectious diseases market is a much larger opportunity thus demonstrating the potential value of our technology.