Simultaneous functional MRI and Micro-Magnetic Nervous System Stimulation

摘要 微磁刺激（µMS）相对于电刺激有几个优点。首先，µMS不 需要如电刺激中的电荷平衡刺激波形。在µMS中，既没有汇也没有源 当时变磁场感应电流时存在。因此，µMS不会受到电荷的影响 如电刺激可能发生的积聚。其次，通过µMS的磁刺激能够激活 具有特定轴突方向的神经元。第三，它是无接触的，所以生物相容性材料，如聚对二甲苯， 将允许以最小反应或无反应植入。此外，由于探针可以完全与 脑组织，我们表明，显着减少过度的权力沉积到组织的问题， 磁共振成像（MRI）。 在这个应用中，我们建议设计，制造和测试下一代微弹簧圈结构 神经系统刺激：微线圈阵列将被设计用于皮层刺激，如ECoG， 脑深部电刺激该阵列将是新颖的意义上说，它将分配光纤执行现场 光遗传学钙通道记录清醒和有行为的动物，从而允许直接研究 磁刺激的潜在机制。所有的微磁刺激器也将与MRI兼容， 从而允许用功能磁共振成像进行大规模的神经记录。这项技术将服务于神经科学研究- 研究外周和中枢神经系统（PNS）中神经元和神经网络的功能 和CNS）-增强或创造神经调节的新应用。所有这些应用程序将允许我们 使用神经调节并研究微磁场脉冲如何用于刺激或阻断 动作电位（AP）通过神经系统的流动，类似于经颅磁刺激 (TMS)产生兴奋和抑制。拟议的µMS工具还将为社区提供一种方法， 更深入地了解TMS的作用机制。

ABSTRACT Micromagnetic stimulation (µMS) has several advantages over electrical stimulation. First, µMS does not require charge-balanced stimulation waveforms as in electrical stimulation. In µMS, neither sinks nor sources are present when the time-varying magnetic field induces a current. Thus µMS does not suffer from charge buildup as can occur with electrical stimulation. Second, magnetic stimulation via µMS is capable of activating neurons with specific axonal orientations. Third, it is contactless, so biocompatible materials such as parylene will allow implantation with minimal or no reaction. Moreover, as the probes can be insulated entirely from the brain tissue, we show to significantly reduce the problem of excessive power deposition into the tissue during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this application, we propose to design, fabricate, and test microcoil structures for next-generation Nervous System Stimulation: the micro coils arrays will be designed for cortical stimulation like ECoGs and deep brain stimulation. The array will be novel in the sense that it will allocate optical fibers to perform onsite optogenetic calcium channels recording in awake and behaving animals, thus allowing for direct study of the underlying mechanisms of magnetic stimulation. All the micromagnetic stimulators will also be MRI compatible, allowing for large scale neural recordings with fMRI. This technology will serve Neuroscience research— investigating the function of neurons and neural networks in the peripheral and central nervous system (PNS and CNS)—enhancing or creating new applications for neuromodulation. All of these applications will allow us to employ neuromodulation and study how micromagnetic field pulses can be used for stimulating or blocking the flow of Action Potentials (APs) through the nervous system, as similarly transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) produces excitation and inhibition. The proposed µMS tools will also provide the community with a way to reach a more in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of actions of TMS.