Mechanisms regulating ion transport across the melanosomal membrane in health and disease
在健康和疾病中调节离子跨黑素体膜运输的机制
基本信息
- 批准号:10164721
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 35.94万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:
- 财政年份:2018
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2018-06-01 至 2023-05-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:AffectAlbinismAmino Acid TransporterAnabolismBiochemicalBiological AssayCalciumCationsCellsCharacteristicsChargeChloride ChannelsCiliary BodyComplexDataDefectDiseaseEnvironmentEnzymesEquilibriumEyeFluorescence MicroscopyGene MutationGenesGenetic VariationGoalsHairHealthHumanHypopigmentationImmunoelectron MicroscopyImpairmentIntegral Membrane ProteinIon TransportIonsIrisLeadLinkLysosomesMalignant NeoplasmsMammalsMediatingMelaninsMelanogenesisMelanosomesMembraneMembrane MicrodomainsMicroscopyMolecularMonophenol MonooxygenaseMultiprotein ComplexesMusMutateMutationOculocutaneous AlbinismOrganellesPathway interactionsPatientsPermeabilityPhysiologicalPhysiologyPigmentation DisordersPigmentation physiologic functionPigmentsPredispositionProductionPropertyProteinsProtonsPublic HealthReporterResolutionSiteSkinSkin CancerSkin SubstitutesSodiumSolidStructure of retinal pigment epitheliumSucroseSystemTechniquesTestingTyrosinase related protein-1TyrosineVariantVisionVisual impairmentYeastsbasegene productgenetic variantin vivomalignant neoplasm of eyemelanocytemutantpatch clampprotein protein interactiontraffickingvision development
项目摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY
Melanosomes are unique lysosome-related organelles in skin, hair, and eye melanocytes and pigment
epithelia of the retina, iris and ciliary body of the eye, in which melanins - the main pigments in mammals - are
synthesized and stored. Genetic defects in melanosome components or biogenetic machinery result in
albinism, characterized by hypopigmentation, impairments in vision, and increased susceptibility to skin and
eye cancers. Some of the genes that are defective in various forms of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA),
including OCA2 and SLC45A2, encode transmembrane proteins that regulate the ionic environment of
melanosomes or melanosome precursors. For example, we recently showed that OCA2 functions as a chloride
channel that neutralizes melanosome pH, thereby activating melanin synthesis, whereas two-pore channel 2
(TPC2) – the first identified melanosomal cation channel – negatively regulates pigmentation. Despite these
advances, our understanding of ion transport across the melanosome membrane and how ion flux regulates
pigmentation is rudimentary. In particular, it is not known how SLC45A2 regulates pigmentation, or how genetic
variation in SLC45A2 interferes with pigment production. While melanocytes lacking SLC45A2 or OCA2 share
some characteristics such as impaired in vivo activity of a key melanogenic enzyme, tyrosinase, how these two
proteins influence the tyrosinase activity cooperatively or separately remains elusive. Finally, how TPC2 – a
nonselective, sodium and calcium permeable channel – influences melanogenesis is completely unknown.
The goal of this proposal is to answer critical questions regarding SLC45A2, OCA2 and TPC2 function and to
dissect the molecular pathways that allow these proteins, directly or indirectly, to control the ionic milieu within
melanosomes and melanin synthesis. Based on solid preliminary data, we will test that: (1) OCA2 and
SLC45A2 each function to increase the luminal pH of melanosomes, but at distinct stages of maturation; (2)
SLC45A2 functions directly on melanosomes from a specific microdomain and that assembly into the
microdomain is disrupted in hypopigmentation-associated SLC45A2 variants; and (3) TPC2 functions as part of
a multi-protein complex that mediates tyrosine transport across the melanosome membrane.
Broader impact: These studies will have a broad impact on understanding the mechanisms that regulate skin
and eye pigmentation, will advance our understanding of how ion transport across melanosomal membranes is
critical for melanosomal function, will uncover mechanisms underlying pigmentation disorders, and will set a
precedent for understanding ion transport control in other lysosome-related organelles.
Relevance to public health: Mutations in the genes encoding several proteins involved in ion transport across
melanosomal membranes cause albinism with pigmentation defects, impaired vision, and increased
susceptibility of the skin and eye to cancer. Our studies will elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which
these proteins affect melanogenesis and how patient mutations result in pigmentation and vision defects.
项目总结
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Michael S Marks其他文献
Michael S Marks的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Michael S Marks', 18)}}的其他基金
Genetic and molecular basis for variation in human skin pigmentation
人类皮肤色素沉着变化的遗传和分子基础
- 批准号:
10394237 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Genetic and molecular basis for variation in human skin pigmentation
人类皮肤色素沉着变化的遗传和分子基础
- 批准号:
10615919 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Mechanisms regulating ion transport across the melanosomal membrane in health and disease
在健康和疾病中调节离子跨黑素体膜运输的机制
- 批准号:
9763909 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Mechanisms regulating ion transport across the melanosomal membrane in health and disease
在健康和疾病中调节离子跨黑素体膜运输的机制
- 批准号:
10401826 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Mechanisms regulating ion transport across the melanosomal membrane in health and disease
在健康和疾病中调节离子跨黑素体膜运输的机制
- 批准号:
10400351 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Platelet granule formation and function in health and disease
血小板颗粒的形成及其在健康和疾病中的功能
- 批准号:
9055752 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Platelet granule formation and function in health and disease
血小板颗粒的形成及其在健康和疾病中的功能
- 批准号:
8703361 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Platelet granule formation and function in health and disease
血小板颗粒的形成及其在健康和疾病中的功能
- 批准号:
8846666 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
Platelet granule formation and function in health and disease
血小板颗粒的形成及其在健康和疾病中的功能
- 批准号:
9257459 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
2012 and 2014 Lysosomes & Endocytosis Gordon Research Conference
2012 和 2014 溶酶体
- 批准号:
8252386 - 财政年份:2012
- 资助金额:
$ 35.94万 - 项目类别:
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