Novel approaches to assessing cannabis impaired driving

项目总结 公共安全人员识别大麻受损驾驶的能力落后于 在美国和其他国家，合法获得大麻的途径发生了戏剧性的变化。降低风险 与大麻相关的损害驾驶将取决于准确的方法来检测损害和 关于剂量、给药途径和时间因素的循证指导 与损伤相关的。我们将利用我们的操作驾驶模拟器实验室来测试 用于识别大麻损害的准确性和预测价值的创新设备 使用。我们将测试便携式设备，以测量精神运动性能(在平板电脑上)和 眼球运动表现(使用护目镜的仪器)。使用一种有效的、在对象内的 这些设备的设计、性能将与所获得的驾驶模拟器措施进行比较 偶尔吸食和每天吸食大麻的人自行吸食大麻前后的情况。我们会 同时考察四氢大麻酚(THC)及其代谢物在体内的药代动力学 与精神运动功能药效学测量的关系。我们将分三个阶段进行 超过5年的研究。在第一阶段，我们将收集标准静脉和创新(100uL) 吸食大麻的人群中吸食大麻前后的毛细血管血样 不同的大麻使用史(n=30)以检查血液的药代动力学特征 随着时间的推移，大麻类物质。在第二阶段，我们将招募一批大麻使用者完成 在吸食大麻前后进行评估，以检查确定的预测价值 精神运动测试，眼睛测试，和血液大麻素特征对照验证的基准 驾驶模拟器性能。未使用的对照受试者的子组将被登记到 根据学习效果进行调整(总计n=120)。在阶段3中，我们将使用类似的方法来测试 食用大麻产品对损害的影响(n=90)。这些创新技术是 高度便携，并承诺对因以下原因造成的损害提供客观评估 在路边或附近或在工作场所使用大麻和其他精神活性药物。成功 我们研究的完成将为公共卫生和安全官员提供医疗和娱乐 大麻使用者、医疗保健提供者、雇主和司法系统提供新信息 关于大麻使用和驾驶安全。

PROJECT SUMMARY The ability of public safety personnel to identify cannabis impaired driving has lagged behind the dramatic shifts in legal access to cannabis in the U.S. and other countries. Reducing the risk related to cannabis impaired driving will depend on accurate methods to detect impairment and evidence-informed guidance on how dose, route of administration, and temporal factors are associated with impairment. We will leverage our operational driving simulator laboratory to test innovative devices for accuracy and predictive value in identifying impairment from cannabis use. We will test portable devices that measure psychomotor performance (on a tablet) and oculomotor performance (in a goggle-based instrument). Using an efficient, within-subjects design, performance on these devices will be compared to driving simulator measures obtained before and after self-administered cannabis by occasional and daily cannabis users. We will also examine the pharmacokinetic profile of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and its metabolites in relation to pharmacodynamic measurements of psychomotor function. We will conduct 3 phases of research over 5 years. In phase 1 we will collect standard venous and innovative (100 µL) capillary blood samples before and after cannabis use among a cohort of cannabis users with varied cannabis use histories (n=30) to examine the pharmacokinetic profile of blood cannabinoids over time. In Phase 2, we will recruit a cohort of cannabis users to complete assessments before and after smoking cannabis to examine the predictive value of established psychomotor tests, ocular tests, and blood cannabinoid profiles against validated benchmarks of driving simulator performance. A subgroup of non-using control subjects will be enrolled to adjust for learning effects (total n=120). In Phase 3 we will use a similar approach to test the effect of edible cannabis products on impairment (n=90). These innovative technologies are highly portable and have the promise to offer an objective assessment of impairment due to cannabis and other psychoactive drugs at or near the roadside or at the workplace. Successful completion of our study will provide public health and safety officials, medical and recreational cannabis users, health care providers, employers and the judicial system with novel information regarding cannabis use and driving safety.