Novel approaches to assessing cannabis impaired driving

项目摘要 公共安全人员识别大麻受损驾驶的能力落后于 在美国和其他国家获得大麻的法律的途径发生了巨大变化。降低其风险 与大麻有关的受损驾驶将取决于准确的方法来检测损伤， 关于剂量、给药途径和时间因素如何 与损伤有关。我们将利用我们的操作驾驶模拟器实验室来测试 创新的设备，在识别大麻损害方面具有准确性和预测价值 使用.我们将测试便携式设备，测量心理性能（在平板电脑上）， 眼科性能（在基于护目镜的仪器中）。使用一种有效的， 设计，这些设备上的性能将比较驾驶模拟器的措施获得 在偶尔和每日大麻使用者自我施用大麻之前和之后。我们将 还检查了THC（四氢大麻酚）及其代谢物在体内的药代动力学特征。 与精神功能药效学测量的关系。我们将进行三个阶段 5年以上的研究。在第1阶段，我们将收集标准静脉和创新（100微升） 一组大麻使用者使用大麻前后的毛细血管血样， 不同的大麻使用史（n=30），以检查血液的药代动力学特征 随着时间的推移，大麻素。在第二阶段，我们将招募一批大麻使用者， 在吸食大麻之前和之后进行评估，以检查已建立的 精神测试，视力测试和血液大麻素谱对验证的基准， 驾驶模拟器性能。将入组一个未使用的对照受试者亚组， 调整学习效果（总计n=120）。在第3阶段，我们将使用类似的方法来测试 食用大麻产品对损伤的影响（n=90）。这些创新技术是 高度便携性，并承诺提供客观的减值评估，由于 在路边或附近或在工作场所使用大麻和其他精神药物。成功 完成我们的研究将提供公共卫生和安全官员，医疗和娱乐 大麻使用者、卫生保健提供者、雇主和司法系统 关于大麻的使用和驾驶安全。

PROJECT SUMMARY The ability of public safety personnel to identify cannabis impaired driving has lagged behind the dramatic shifts in legal access to cannabis in the U.S. and other countries. Reducing the risk related to cannabis impaired driving will depend on accurate methods to detect impairment and evidence-informed guidance on how dose, route of administration, and temporal factors are associated with impairment. We will leverage our operational driving simulator laboratory to test innovative devices for accuracy and predictive value in identifying impairment from cannabis use. We will test portable devices that measure psychomotor performance (on a tablet) and oculomotor performance (in a goggle-based instrument). Using an efficient, within-subjects design, performance on these devices will be compared to driving simulator measures obtained before and after self-administered cannabis by occasional and daily cannabis users. We will also examine the pharmacokinetic profile of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) and its metabolites in relation to pharmacodynamic measurements of psychomotor function. We will conduct 3 phases of research over 5 years. In phase 1 we will collect standard venous and innovative (100 µL) capillary blood samples before and after cannabis use among a cohort of cannabis users with varied cannabis use histories (n=30) to examine the pharmacokinetic profile of blood cannabinoids over time. In Phase 2, we will recruit a cohort of cannabis users to complete assessments before and after smoking cannabis to examine the predictive value of established psychomotor tests, ocular tests, and blood cannabinoid profiles against validated benchmarks of driving simulator performance. A subgroup of non-using control subjects will be enrolled to adjust for learning effects (total n=120). In Phase 3 we will use a similar approach to test the effect of edible cannabis products on impairment (n=90). These innovative technologies are highly portable and have the promise to offer an objective assessment of impairment due to cannabis and other psychoactive drugs at or near the roadside or at the workplace. Successful completion of our study will provide public health and safety officials, medical and recreational cannabis users, health care providers, employers and the judicial system with novel information regarding cannabis use and driving safety.