KNOWING: Framework for defining climate mitigation pathways based on understanding and integrated assessment of climate impacts, adaptation strategies and societal transformation

根据欧盟的气候适应战略（COM（2021）82），“提高知识和管理不确定性”是实现气候中立和气候弹性联盟愿景的关键，因为“气候变化具有如此广泛的影响，我们必须系统地应对它”。因此，迫切需要采取一种综合办法，以更好地理解适应和缓解措施之间的相互作用、互补性和权衡，特别是在区域平均温度、降水量和土壤湿度变化的预期增加方面（气专委第六次评估报告第一工作组）。此外，需要向广大受众提供这种理解和知识，以支持欧盟伙伴国家的地方当局制定区域方案。KNOWING旨在开发一个建模框架，以帮助理解和量化气候变化的影响和风险、减缓途径和适应战略之间的相互作用。该框架将用于评估气候科学的发展以及进一步扩大和深化知识基础对于到2050年向气候中立和气候适应性社会过渡以及到2030年实现更雄心勃勃的温室气体减排目标至关重要。有必要开展研究，以进一步了解过去、现在和预期未来的气候变化及其对生态系统和社会的影响，缩小知识差距，并开发支持政策一致性和实施有效缓解和适应解决方案的工具。目前，缺乏对地球系统的了解，也缺乏预测和预测地球系统在不同自然和社会经济驱动因素下的变化的能力，特别是在复杂的相互关系、反弹效应和行为方面。因此，需要采取一种整体的、系统意识的和以行为为中心的方法，以确定和实施现实和有效的气候减缓途径。

According to the EU’s Climate Adaptation Strategy (COM(2021) 82), “improving knowledge and managing uncertainty” is key for realising the vision of a climate neutral and climate-resilient Union, as “Climate change is having such a pervasive impact that our response to it must be systemic”. Thus, there is an urgent need for an integrated approach for an enhanced understanding of the interaction, complementarity and trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation measures, especially regarding the expected increase in region-al mean temperature, precipitation and changing soil moisture (IPCC AR6 WG I). Furthermore, this under-standing and knowledge needs to be provided to a broad audience to support local authorities in EU partner countries in developing regional programmes. KNOWING aims to develop a modelling framework to help understand and quantify the interactions between impacts and risks of climate change, mitigation pathways and adaptation strategies. The framework will be used to assess thAdvancing climate science and further broadening and deepening the knowledge base is essential to inform the societal transition towards a climate neutral and climate resilient society by 2050, as well as towards a more ambitious greenhouse gas reduction target by 2030. There is a need for research that furthers our understanding of past, present and expected future changes in climate and its implications on ecosystems and society, closing knowledge gaps, and develops the tools that support policy coherence and the implementation of effective mitigation and adaptation solutions. Currently, there is a lack of knowledge of the Earth system and the ability to predict and project its changes under different natural and socio-economic drivers, especially regarding complex interrelations, rebound effects and behavioural aspects. Therefore, a holistic, system-aware and behaviour centred approach is needed to identify and implement realistic and effective climate mitigation pathways.