Development and Applications of Unnatural Organisms with a 21 Amino Acid Genetic Code
Development and Applications of Unnatural Organisms with a 21 Amino Acid Genetic Code
批准号:
10194550
负责人:
Han Xiao
金额:
$37.84万
依托单位:
依托单位国家:
美国
项目类别:
财政年份:
2019
资助国家:
美国
项目状态:
已结题
起止时间:
2019-09-01 至 2024-06-30
关键词:
Amino AcidsAmino Acyl-tRNA SynthetasesAnabolismAntibodiesBiochemicalCellsCollectionDevelopmentEnzymesEukaryotic CellEvolutionFluorescence-Activated Cell SortingGenerationsGenetic CodeGenetically Modified OrganismsGoalsImmunologic ReceptorsLibrariesMedicineMetabolicModern MedicineNucleotidesOrganismPathway interactionsProkaryotic CellsProtein BiosynthesisProteinsResearchSiteSpecificityStructureTherapeuticTranslationsTreatment EfficacyTriplet Multiple BirthVaccinesVariantantibody conjugatebasebiological systemschimeric antigen receptordesignenzyme activityimmunoengineeringinterestmutantnext generationnovelnovel therapeuticspreventprogramstherapeutic developmenttherapeutic proteintherapy developmenttool
中文摘要
项目摘要/摘要:
--
在大多数生物中,其遗传密码由和三个核苷酸组成,编码20个氨基酸组成的建筑。
BLOCKS被用来研究蛋白质的合成过程。但是,国际研究计划的总体目标是继续发展。
跨学科的研究工具需要对人类遗传密码进行重新编程,以精确地探测和操纵生物免疫系统。
对基因密码子进行重新编程的中心任务是提高我们在蛋白质中添加非规范氨基酸(NCAA)的能力。
令人感兴趣的是,这项新提案的总体目标是继续开发能够进行生物合成的细胞,并利用NCAAs进行研究和探索。
这些非自然生物体参与了蛋白质的进化和治疗的发展。为了实现这一目标,我们的目标是。
第一,我们的研究方向将集中在第二代完全自主的生物有机体的研究上,并将在21世纪推出新的品种。
氨基酸。随着21世纪氨基酸的增加,原核细胞和真核细胞都将拥有一条新的生物合成途径。
一对高度生物正交化的氨基酰基-tRNA合成酶(AARS)/tRNA对用于构建新的氨基酸组成块。
NCAAs的生物合成和途径将无法通过重新利用代谢途径从其他物种或物种那里获得。
具体地说,将这些NCAA基因整合到蛋白质中,我们将进一步进化出生物正交的AARS/tRNA对,并将它们添加到蛋白质中。
建立新的细胞。由此产生的具有21世纪氨基酸组成的生物将不会允许我们利用这一新颖的蛋白质的新的进化过程。
活动以及各种新疗法的未来发展趋势。要想真正进化出一种新的疗法或增强酶的活性,并不是一件容易的事。
通过研究20种典型的氨基酸,以及一个含有NCAA的基因酶和突变体的文库,将不会在未来产生。
这些非自然生物必须接受基于荧光激活的细胞免疫分选系统(FACS)的检测或存活。
选择。这种基因是由NCAA依赖的酶进化而来的,因此可以用它来防止细菌的意外扩散。
利用转基因生物来制备自养生物疫苗。接下来,我们将继续探索这些疫苗的潜在实用价值。
非天然生物体需要额外的蛋白质来构建治疗药物开发所需的物质。
真核生物干细胞能够生物合成蛋白质,并利用具有生物正交柄的氨基酸,这些蛋白质将不会被用来生产。
抗体变异体具有优化的治疗效果。我们设计了免疫干细胞,并增加了新的细胞构建块。
这将允许进一步改变嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-免疫干细胞的特异性,从而提供一种新的方法。
新的设计和战略适用于可切换的汽车免疫干细胞。我们在这个新项目中所做的所有努力将产生更多的免疫系统。
含有额外氨基酸的生物体正在构建积木、蛋白质和蛋白质,这将导致为基于NCAA的生物构建一个通用的生物平台。
蛋白质或治疗性蛋白质的进化可能会给现代医学带来革命性的变化。
英文摘要
PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
In most organisms, the genetic code, consisting of 64 triplets of nucleotides, encodes 20 amino acid building
blocks used in the synthesis of proteins. The overall goal of the PI’s research program is to develop
interdisciplinary tools to reprogram the genetic code to precisely probe and manipulate biological systems.
Central to reprogramming the genetic code is our ability to add noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) to proteins of
interest. The overall goal of this proposal is to develop cells able to biosynthesize and utilize ncAAs and explore
the utility or these unnatural organisms in protein evolution and therapy development. To achieve this goal, the
first research direction will focus on the generation of completely autonomous organisms with a variety of 21st
amino acids. The prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells with the 21st amino acid will harbor a biosynthetic pathway and
a bioorthogonal aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS)/tRNA pair for the new amino acid building block. The
biosynthesis pathway of ncAAs will be obtained from other species or via metabolic repurposing. To site-
specifically incorporate these ncAAs into proteins, we will evolve bioorthogonal aaRS/tRNA pairs and add them
to the cells. The resulting organisms with a 21st amino acids will allow for the evolution of proteins with novel
activities as well as the development of new therapies. To evolve novel or enhanced enzyme activity not
accessible by the 20 canonical amino acids, a library of ncAA-containing enzyme mutants will be generated in
the unnatural organisms and subjected to a fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS)-based or survival
selection. The evolved ncAA-dependent enzymes can be used to prevent the unintended proliferation of
genetically modified organisms or to prepare autotrophic vaccines. Next, we will explore the utility of these
unnatural organisms with additional protein building blocks for therapeutic development. The prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells able to biosynthesize and utilize amino acids with bioorthogonal handles will be used to produce
antibody variants with optimized therapeutic efficacy. Engineered immune cells with additional building blocks
will allow for the redirection of the specificity of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-immune cells, thus providing a
new design strategy for switchable CAR-immune cells. Our efforts in this project will yield a collection of
organisms with additional amino acids building blocks, and will result in versatile platforms for ncAA-based
protein evolution or therapeutic proteins that could revolutionize modern medicine.
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海外基金