Resilient and sustainable critical raw materials REE supply chains for the e-mobility and renewable energy ecosystems and strategic sectors (REESilience)

稀土（RE）是欧洲成功实现绿色和数字化转型的关键材料，因此被列为高度关键。稀土磁体本身的市场规模相对较小（约65亿欧元），但其下游影响力巨大：仅欧盟27国的移动业务预计到2030年将增长至约5000亿欧元，提供600万个就业岗位。欧盟27国在制造电动机等产品方面处于世界领先地位，但在稀土磁体材料的整个价值链上，沿着依赖进口。尽管市场不断增长，但欧洲磁铁生产能力未得到充分利用，往往服务于专门的利基应用。此外，稀土磁体越来越多地作为电动机和发电机组件和产品的一部分进口。这些发展的主要原因是中国在从采矿到精炼的所有阶段的可再生能源供应链中占据垄断地位。为了解决这个问题，REEsilience将对可再生能源进行地理位置、数量、化学成分、道德和可持续指标、爬坡方案和定价的分类，考虑从原始材料到二次材料的所有价值流。它将建立一个生产系统，确保可再生能源作为欧洲电动汽车、可再生能源和其他战略部门的关键原材料的弹性和可持续供应链，减少对非欧洲经济体的依赖。一个新开发的软件工具将确定最佳的混合比，以确保始终如一的高产品质量，最大限度地为高科技应用提供二次材料。结合新的和改进的合金生产和粉末制备技术，特别是二次材料，将进一步提高工艺的产量和稳定性，从而进一步提高二次材料在稀土粉末冶金生产中的比例，同时减少浪费、环境破坏和与原始生产相关的能源消耗。

Rare Earths (RE) are crucial materials for Europe's successful green and digital transition, thus classified as highly critical. The market for RE magnets itself is relatively small - about €6.5 billion - however its downstream leverage is enormous: the mobility business in the EU27 alone is expected to grow to about €500 billion by 2030, with 6 million jobs. While being a world leader in the manufacturing of e.g. electric motors, the EU27 is fully import-dependent along the entire value chain of RE magnet materials. Despite a growing market, European magnet production capacity is underutilised and tends to serve specialised niche applications. In addition, RE magnets are increasingly imported as part of motors and generator assemblies and products. The main reasons for these developments are that China has a monopoly in the RE supply chain across all stages from mining to refining. To overcome this issue, REEsilience will categorise RE for geographic locations, quantities, chemical composition, ethical and sustainable indicators, ramp-up scenarios, and pricing, considering all value streams from virgin to secondary material. It will build a production system that ensures a resilient and sustainable supply chain for RE as critical raw materialsfor the e-mobility, renewable energy and furtherstrategic sectorsin Europe with less dependencies on nonEuropean economies. A newly-developed software tool will determine optimum mixing ratios to ensure consistently high product quality with maximum secondary materials for high-tech applications. Combined with new and improved technologies for alloy production and powder preparation, especially of secondary materials, the yield and stability of processes will be further enhanced, allowing further augmentation of the proportion of secondary materials in RE PM production, reducing at the same time waste, environmental damage, and consumption of energy linked with virgin production