Resilient and sustainable critical raw materials REE supply chains for the e-mobility and renewable energy ecosystems and strategic sectors (REESilience)

稀土是欧洲成功实现绿色和数字化转型的关键材料，因此被归类为高度关键的材料。稀土磁铁本身的市场规模相对较小，约为65亿欧元，但其下游杠杆作用巨大：到2030年，仅欧盟27国的移动业务预计就将增长至约5000亿欧元，拥有600万个工作岗位。作为电机等制造领域的世界领先者，EU27在稀土磁体材料的整个价值链上完全依赖进口。尽管市场不断增长，但欧洲的磁铁产能仍未得到充分利用，往往服务于专门的利基应用。此外，稀土磁体越来越多地作为电机和发电机组件和产品的一部分进口。这些发展的主要原因是中国在从采矿到精炼的所有阶段的稀土供应链中拥有垄断地位。为了解决这个问题，REEsilience将从地理位置、数量、化学成分、道德和可持续指标、提升方案和定价等方面对可再生能源进行分类，并考虑从原始材料到二次材料的所有价值流。它将建立一个生产系统，确保可再生能源作为电子移动、可再生能源和进一步战略部门的关键原材料的弹性和可持续供应链，以减少对非欧洲经济体的依赖。一种新开发的软件工具将确定最佳混合比例，以确保持续的高产品质量，并最大限度地利用高科技应用的二次材料。结合新的和改进的合金生产和粉末制备技术，特别是二次材料的制备技术，将进一步提高工艺的产量和稳定性，使二次材料在稀土粉末生产中的比例进一步增加，同时减少浪费、环境破坏和与原始生产相关的能源消耗

Rare Earths (RE) are crucial materials for Europe's successful green and digital transition, thus classified as highly critical. The market for RE magnets itself is relatively small - about €6.5 billion - however its downstream leverage is enormous: the mobility business in the EU27 alone is expected to grow to about €500 billion by 2030, with 6 million jobs. While being a world leader in the manufacturing of e.g. electric motors, the EU27 is fully import-dependent along the entire value chain of RE magnet materials. Despite a growing market, European magnet production capacity is underutilised and tends to serve specialised niche applications. In addition, RE magnets are increasingly imported as part of motors and generator assemblies and products. The main reasons for these developments are that China has a monopoly in the RE supply chain across all stages from mining to refining. To overcome this issue, REEsilience will categorise RE for geographic locations, quantities, chemical composition, ethical and sustainable indicators, ramp-up scenarios, and pricing, considering all value streams from virgin to secondary material. It will build a production system that ensures a resilient and sustainable supply chain for RE as critical raw materialsfor the e-mobility, renewable energy and furtherstrategic sectorsin Europe with less dependencies on nonEuropean economies. A newly-developed software tool will determine optimum mixing ratios to ensure consistently high product quality with maximum secondary materials for high-tech applications. Combined with new and improved technologies for alloy production and powder preparation, especially of secondary materials, the yield and stability of processes will be further enhanced, allowing further augmentation of the proportion of secondary materials in RE PM production, reducing at the same time waste, environmental damage, and consumption of energy linked with virgin production