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Neurocognitive Plasticity in Young Deaf Adults: Effects of Cochlear Implantation and Sign Language Exposure

年轻聋人的神经认知可塑性：人工耳蜗植入和手语接触的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10197874
负责人：
Matthew William Geoffrey Dye
金额：
$ 50.25万
依托单位：
ROCHESTER INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2017-07-01 至 2024-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10197874
关键词：
Adopted Adult Affect Age American Sign Language Area Auditory Auditory area Biological Assay Birth Brain Brain region Child Childhood Cochlear Implants Cochlear implant procedure Cognition Cognitive Cognitive deficits Communication Data Development Diagnosis Early Intervention Electroencephalography Enrollment Evidence based intervention Exposure to Generations Implant Individual Infant Institutes Language Language Development Learning Maps Measurable Measures Mediation Modality Modeling National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders Neurocognitive Outcome Parents Policy Maker Population Population Heterogeneity Process Research Role Sampling Sensory Sign Language Source Structure Students System Testing Thinness Time United States Vision Visual Visual evoked cortical potential auditory deprivation auditory processing cognitive function cognitive system congenital deafness deaf deafness density effective intervention evidence base executive function extrastriate visual cortex hearing impairment implantation infancy language outcome next generation recruit remediation response sequence learning stem visual process visual processing visual stimulus young adult

项目摘要

According to the latest data from the NIDCD, approximately 2 to 3 out of every 1,000 children born in the United States have a measurable hearing loss at birth. For some of these children, that hearing loss is profound and can preclude typical acquisition of spoken language. As of 2012, around 38,000 children in the United States had received a cochlear implant (CI). For many of these children, the implant has permitted access to spoken language. However, what is perhaps most striking about spoken language outcomes following cochlear implantation is the variability. Understanding this variability is the first step in developing effective interventions to move a greater number of children towards a more successful outcome. The research proposed here will be one of the first large-scale studies to examine spoken language outcomes in young deaf adults who received their implants in childhood and are now enrolled at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf (RIT/NTID) in Rochester NY. The majority of these students were born with profound hearing losses, and they vary in terms of whether or not they use a CI, the age at which they received a CI and their primary mode of communication. This project aims to characterize cognitive deficits in young deaf adults as a function of their atypical central auditory development, determine the impact of cochlear implantation on the remediation of those cognitive deficits, and carefully examine the impact of communication mode (signed versus spoken) on cognitive deficits and spoken language outcomes. In a large sample of 480 young deaf adults: (i) high-density EEG will be used to document the effect of congenital profound deafness on central auditory cortical development by recording cortical responses to both auditory (CAEPs) and visual stimuli (VEPs), and (ii) domain-general measures of cognitive (sequence processing, executive function) and language outcomes will be obtained. Mediation analyses will be used to determine whether it is atypical auditory cortical development or cross-modal recruitment of auditory brain areas by vision that best predicts cognitive deficits and subsequent spoken language development. We will then test the hypothesis that one source of variability in CI outcomes stems from the extent to which age of implantation modulates auditory cortical maturation to remediate cognitive deficits. Finally, the unique sample of young adults at RIT/NTID, many of whom learned a natural sign language in infancy and wear a cochlear implant, affords the possibility of examining the role of early exposure to American Sign Language (ASL) in mitigating deficits in sequence processing and executive control, potentially boosting spoken language outcomes.

根据NIDCD的最新数据，大约每1000名儿童中有2至3名出生在非洲