Examining the relationship between parents' endorsed gender norms and their early adolescents' psychosocial health educational engagement, and nutrition in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo

项目摘要 青春期早期，即10至14岁之间，是一个重要的发育期。家长 通过以下方式对他们早期青少年的身体、情感和认知发展保持至关重要的影响 提供他们的物质福利，并通过榜样、监测和社会化。因此， 父母认可的性别规范强烈影响着青少年所认为的社会可接受的 男孩和女孩的行为规范。由限制性性别规范造成的性别不平等结构有 父母代代相传，也直接影响着孩子的身心 女孩和男孩的健康。在低收入和中等收入国家，两性都受到 不公平的性别态度；然而，女孩通常处于不成比例的不利地位。据估计 数百万儿童生活在经历冲突、自然灾害和其他人道主义危机的国家。这个 父母认可的性别规范对生活在中国的早期青少年的幸福感的性质和程度 然而，旷日持久的人道主义危机仍然是一个研究不足的现象。本论文拟进行的研究 将由Blum等人指导，‘S’的青春期早期概念框架和社会规范方法， 两者均由申请人改编以分析父母的性别规范对青少年心理健康、教育的影响 参与度和营养。这项拟议的混合方法学位论文研究的目的是检验 父母认可的性别规范与青少年早期心理健康、教育的关系 在刚果民主共和国东部的参与度和营养。这项研究的具体目的 是为了：1)研究父母对公平性别规范的认可程度如何与 青春期早期的焦虑/抑郁、亲社会行为、出勤率和食物安全；2)检查 青春期性别如何调节父母性别规范与青少年性别规范的关系 焦虑/抑郁、亲社会行为、出勤率和食品安全；以及3)探索青少年的 父母对性别规范的认可如何影响他们的心理健康，教育 参与度和营养。全面的性别平等量表将是 父母对性别平等的态度。这项研究与国家儿童健康研究所和 确定社会、环境、经济和生物因素的人类发展战略优先事项 通过了解如何影响青少年早期适应行为发展和学校功能 父母性别规范影响早期青少年的心理健康、教育参与度和营养 生活在旷日持久的人道主义环境中。这项培训计划将开始一项研究计划，重点是 促进生活在冲突后人道主义环境中的青少年的健康和福祉。本研究 将为制定适合文化的干预措施提供信息，旨在帮助社区挑战 不公平的性别规范，取而代之的是重视性别平等的规范。

Project Summary Early adolescence, the time between 10 and 14 years of age, is an important developmental period. Parents retain crucial influence over the physical, emotional, and cognitive development of their early adolescents by providing for their material well-being and through role modeling, monitoring, and socialization. As such, gender norms endorsed by parents strongly influence what adolescents believe to be the socially acceptable sets of behaviors for boys and girls. Gender inequitable constructs resulting from restrictive gender norms are passed down intergenerationally from parents to their children, and also directly affect the mental and physical health of both girls and boys. In low- and middle-income countries both sexes are negatively impacted by inequitable gender attitudes; however, girls are typically disproportionately disadvantaged. An estimated 535 million children live in countries experiencing conflicts, natural disasters and other humanitarian crises. The nature and extent to which parents' endorsed gender norms affect the well-being of early adolescents living in protracted humanitarian crises remains an understudied phenomenon though. The proposed dissertation study will be guided by Blum et al.'s' Conceptual Framework for Early Adolescence and the Social Norms Approach, both adapted by the applicant to analyze parents' gender norms' effect on adolescent mental health, education engagement, and nutrition. The purpose of this proposed mixed methods dissertation study is to examine the relationship between parent-endorsed gender norms and their early adolescents' mental health, education engagement, and nutrition in the Eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. The specific aims of this study are to: 1) examine how level of parental endorsement of equitable gender norms is associated with anxiety/depression, prosocial behavior, school attendance, and food security in early adolescence ; 2) examine how adolescent gender moderates the association between parents' gender norms and adolescents' anxiety/depression, prosocial behavior, school attendance, and food security; and 3) explore adolescents' perceptions of how parents' endorsement of gender norms influence their mental health, educational engagement, and nutrition. A comprehensive gender equality scale will be the primary quantitative measure of parents' attitudes toward gender equality. This study is aligned with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development strategic priority of identifying the social, environmental, economic, and biological factors that influence early adolescent adaptive behavior development and school functioning, by understanding how parental gender norms impact the mental health, educational engagement, and nutrition of early adolescents living in a protracted humanitarian setting. This training plan will begin a program of research focused on the promotion of the health and well-being of adolescents living in a post-conflict humanitarian setting. This study will inform the development of culturally appropriate interventions to designed to help communities challenge inequitable gender norms and to replace them with norms that value gender equality.