Metallothionein 1E as a Central Regulator of Human Pancreatic Beta Cell Function and Survival

金属硫蛋白 1E 作为人胰腺 β 细胞功能和存活的中央调节剂

• 批准号: 10220173
• 负责人: Shuibing Chen
• 金额: $ 39.77万
• 依托单位: WEILL MEDICAL COLL OF CORNELL UNIV
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10220173
• 关键词: 2019-nCoV; Adult; Animals; Autoimmune Process; Autopsy; Beta Cell; COVID-19; COVID-19 pandemic; Cell Survival; Cell physiology; Cells; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Clinical; Clinical Research; Colon; Coronavirus; Coxsackie B Viruses; Cytomegalovirus; Defect; Development; Diabetes Mellitus; Disease; Endocrine; Enterovirus; Event; FDA approved; Family; Functional disorder; Human; Imatinib; Impairment; In Vitro; Individual; Infection; Institutional Review Boards; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Islet Cell; Islets of Langerhans; Lung; Medicine; Metabolic; Metallothionein; Microscopy; Mumps virus; Mycophenolic Acid; Newly Diagnosed; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Organoids; Outcome; Pancreas; Pathogenesis; Pathogenicity; Patients; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenotype; Play; Protocols documentation; Quantitative Reverse Transcriptase PCR; Research Personnel; Risk Factors; Role; Rotavirus; Sampling; Structure of beta Cell of islet; Testing; Therapeutic; Tissue Sample; Tissues; Transcript; Up-Regulation; Virus; Virus Diseases; World Health Organization; chemokine; drug candidate; human pluripotent stem cell; humanized mouse; islet; mouse model; multidisciplinary; novel strategies; novel therapeutics; pandemic disease; physiologic model; stem cells; transcriptome sequencing

Abstract. COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which belongs to the coronaviridae, a diverse family of viruses that cause a range of diseases in humans and animals. Recent clinical studies show a strong association with COVID-19 and diabetes. Additional studies suggest that diabetes is not only a risk factor for severe COVID- 19 disease but also that SARS-CoV-2 infection can induce a new onset diabetes. However, it is not clear what diabetes-associated cells are infected by the virus and how these cells respond to SARS-CoV-2 infection. A number of studies support the hypothesis that viral infections play a causative role in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Enterovirus isolates obtained from newly diagnosed T1D patients can infect and destroy human islet cells in vitro. In T1D patients, beta cell mass decreases due to auto-immune destruction. Here, we assemble a multi- disciplinary investigator team, including expert beta cell biologist (Dr. Chen), stem cell biologists (Drs. Evans and Schwartz), and a virologist (Dr. tenOever) to systematically study the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on pancreatic endocrine cells and test the hypothesis that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes human pancreatic endocrine cell destruction. In preliminary studies, we found that human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived pancreatic endocrine cells are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection, which was further validated using adult primary human islets. Transcript profiling following SARS-CoV-2 infection of hPSC-derived pancreatic endocrine cells revealed striking upregulation of chemokines, similar to profiles of tissues obtained after autopsy of COVID-19 patients. In addition, we performed two high content chemical screens and identified several FDA-approved drugs that show anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities on both hPSC-derived colonic and lung organoids. Here, we propose to validate the SARS-CoV-2 infection using pancreatic samples from COVID-19 patients, examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human endocrine cells, and re-purpose FDA-approved drugs to protect human pancreatic endocrine cells from SRAS-CoV-2 infection. Three aims are proposed: Aim 1. Validate SARS-CoV-2 infection in pancreatic samples from post-mortem COVID-19 patients. Aim 2. Examine the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on human pancreatic endocrine cell function and survival. Aim 3. Repurpose FDA-approved drugs to protect human pancreatic endocrine cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through this study, we expect to provide direct pathogenic evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of human pancreatic endocrine cells, understand the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infected pancreatic endocrine cells, and develop novel approaches to protect human endocrine cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection.

抽象的。 世界卫生组织宣布Covid-19被宣布为大流行。 Covid19是由严重的急性引起的 呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-COV-2），属于冠状科，一个多元化的家族 引起人类和动物各种疾病的病毒。最近的临床研究表明，关联很强 与Covid-19和糖尿病。其他研究表明，糖尿病不仅是严重互联的危险因素 19疾病，但SARS-COV-2感染也会引起新的发作糖尿病。但是，尚不清楚什么 与糖尿病相关的细胞被病毒感染以及这些细胞对SARS-COV-2感染的反应。 许多研究支持以下假设，即病毒感染在1型糖尿病（T1D）中起致病作用。 从新诊断的T1D患者获得的肠病毒分离株可以在体外感染和破坏人类胰岛细胞。 在T1D患者中，由于自身免疫破坏而导致的β细胞质量减少。在这里，我们组装了一个 纪律研究员团队，包括专家Beta细胞生物学家（Chen博士），干细胞生物学家（Evans博士和 Schwartz）和一名病毒学家（Tenoever博士），以系统地研究SARS-COV-2对胰腺的影响 内分泌细胞并测试SARS-COV-2感染引起人胰腺内分泌细胞的假设 破坏。在初步研究中，我们发现人多能干细胞（HPSC）衍生的胰腺 内分泌细胞允许使用SARS-COV-2感染，该感染使用成人原代人进一步验证 胰岛。 SARS-COV-2感染HPSC衍生的胰腺内分泌细胞后的转录物分析显示 趋化因子的上调上调，类似于COVID-19患者尸检后获得的组织谱。 此外，我们进行了两个高含量化学筛选，并确定了几种经FDA批准的药物 在HPSC衍生的结肠和肺类器官上显示抗SARS-COV-2活性。在这里，我们建议 使用COVID-19患者的胰腺样本验证SARS-COV-2感染，检查 SARS-COV-2对人内分泌细胞的感染，并重新用FDA批准的药物来保护人 SRAS-COV-2感染中的胰腺内分泌细胞。提出了三个目标： AIM 1。验证来自验尸后19例患者的胰腺样本中的SARS-COV-2感染。 目标2。检查SARS-COV-2感染对人胰腺内分泌细胞功能和生存的影响。 AIM 3。重新利用FDA批准的药物，以保护人胰腺内分泌细胞免受SARS-COV-2感染。 通过这项研究，我们期望提供人类SARS-COV-2感染的直接致病证据 胰腺内分泌细胞，了解SARS-COV-2感染胰腺内分泌细胞的发病机理， 并开发了保护人类内分泌细胞免受SARS-COV-2感染的新方法。