The effect of switching on or off menthol use on cigarette consumption, dependence, nicotine exposure and quitting success

项目概要/摘要 虽然已经提出了禁止香烟中含有薄荷醇的建议，但更有力的证据表明， 这一禁令将如何影响吸烟行为。此外，虽然有一些 证据表明薄荷醇对非西班牙裔黑人和西班牙裔吸烟的影响不同 行为，几乎没有证据比较薄荷醇对女性和年轻人的影响 成年人（18-24岁），他们也比同龄人吸烟率更高。数据从 烟草使用与健康人口纵向评估（PATH）研究 在当前的文献中存在许多关于薄荷醇使用和吸烟行为的限制。的 PATH研究的多波设计在美国具有全国代表性，并提供：1）高- 戒烟质量指标、香烟消费量、 尼古丁和烟草依赖; 2）非西班牙裔黑人和年轻人的过度采样 （18-24岁），以提供这些亚群的代表性估计值;以及3）重复 评估打开和关闭薄荷醇，在许多方面，反映了随机 对照试验将评估禁烟的影响。此外，由于我们预计， 打开或关闭薄荷醇的非随机分配可由多种因素引起 (e.g.,戒烟的动机），也影响戒烟和消费，我们将使用一个现代的 一种被称为倾向评分匹配（PSM）的分析技术来解决这种混淆 bias.使用PSM和PATH研究中第1-4波的吸烟者成人样本， 该研究将完成以下目标：目标1：比较 戒烟者打开或关闭薄荷香烟。目标2：比较消费， 打开或关闭薄荷醇的成年吸烟者之间的尼古丁暴露和依赖性 戒烟不成功。目标3：评估种族、性别或年龄是否会改变 打开或关闭薄荷香烟对30天戒烟的影响，12个月 戒烟、消费、依赖和尼古丁暴露。这些目标与 RFA-OD-19-022的目标，使用现有数据集解决监管问题 关于薄荷醇对成人烟草使用和尼古丁暴露的潜在影响。我们 预计这项工作将产生四个会议报告和三个手稿， 公共卫生政策制定者阅读的期刊。

Projective Summary/Abstract While recommendations have been made to ban menthol from cigarettes, more robust evidence is needed on how such a ban would impact smoking behaviors. Moreover, while there is some evidence that menthol differentially impacts non-Hispanic Blacks’ and Hispanics’ smoking behavior, little evidence exists comparing the impact of menthol among females and young adults (18-24 years), who also smoke menthol at higher rates than their counterparts. Data from the longitudinal Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH) Study addresses many limitations presented in the current literature on menthol use and smoking behaviors. The PATH Study’s multi-wave design is nationally representative of the US and provides: 1) high- quality measures of smoking cessation, cigarette consumption, biochemical exposure to nicotine, and tobacco dependence; 2) over-sampling of non-Hispanic Blacks and young adults (18-24 years) to provide representative estimates across these subpopulations; and 3) repeated assessment of switching on and off menthol that, in many ways, mirrors how a randomized control trial would assess the impact of a smoking ban. In addition, because we expect that the non-random assignment of switching on or off menthol could be incited by a variety of factors (e.g., motivation to quit) that also effect cessation and consumption, we will use a modern analytical technique known as propensity score matching (PSM) to address this confounding bias. Using PSM and the adult sample of cigarette smokers in Waves 1-4 in the PATH Study, the proposed study will complete the following aims: Aim 1: Compare quitting success between quit attempters who had switched on or off menthol cigarettes. Aim 2: Compare consumption, nicotine exposure, and dependence between adult smokers who switch on or off menthol cigarettes without successfully quitting. Aim 3: Assess whether race, sex or age modify the effect of switching on or off menthol cigarettes on 30-day cigarettes abstinence, 12-month cigarette abstinence, consumption, dependence, and nicotine exposure. These aims align with the goals of RFA-OD-19-022 by using an existing dataset to address a regulatory question regarding the potential impact of menthol on adult tobacco use and nicotine exposure. We anticipate that the work will result in four conference presentations and three manuscripts aimed at journals read by public health policy makers.