Processed Food Intake, Metabolomics, and Adiposity

加工食品摄入量、代谢组学和肥胖

• 批准号: 10220132
• 负责人: LYN M STEFFEN
• 金额: $ 192.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-08-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10220132
• 关键词: Address; Adipose tissue; Adopted; Adult; African American; Age; Ancillary Study; Antioxidants; Area; Beverages; Biological; Biological Markers; Body Weight; Brazil; Cardiometabolic Disease; Categories; Central obesity; Cessation of life; Chronic Disease; Clinical; Coffee; Conflict (Psychology); Consumption; Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study; Coronary heart disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Development; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Dietary History; Dietary intake; Eating; Eating Behavior; Education; Energy Intake; Enrollment; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Fiber; Flavoring; Food; Food Processing; Formulation; Frequencies; Government; Guidelines; Healthy Eating; Hour; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertension; Intake; Life Cycle Stages; Life Style; Link; Literature; Manufacturer Name; Maps; Measures; Meat; Metabolic; Metabolism; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Nutrient; Obesity; Outcome; Overweight; Parents; Pathologic; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Plasma; Play; Policies; Positioning Attribute; Process; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires; Race; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Restaurants; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Scientist; Sodium; System; Testing; Time; Ursidae Family; Vendor; Weight; Weight Gain; Woman; X-Ray Computed Tomography; Yogurt; adult obesity; age group; base; biracial; cardiometabolic risk; cardiometabolism; cohort; dietary; fast food; food challenge; food consumption; men; metabolomics; obesity development; premature; saturated fat; sex; sugar

Overweight and obesity have been increasing over the four past decades with linkage between excess body weight and coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and premature death. Concomitantly, since the 1950’s, the number of processed food products appearing on grocery store shelves and the number of fast food restaurants in the US increased over 200%. Highly processed or ultra-processed foods (UPFs), rich in added sugar, fat, sodium, and additives, contributed over 55% of energy consumed by U.S. adults. These foods were also related to obesity in several studies, but not cardiometabolic outcomes. Better understanding of the role processed food plays in the development of obesity and chronic disease requires well characterized, longitudinal data about lifestyle, clinical outcomes, objective biomarkers, and repeated measures of dietary intake using a questionnaire with sufficient detail to correctly classify foods by processing level. The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study is uniquely suited to study the impact of long-term processed food intake on metabolism and development of obesity, cardiometabolic risk, and T2D across the life course in a large biracial cohort age 18-30 years at baseline (1985-86). The objective of this proposal is to conduct an ancillary study about processed food intake, metabolomics, and adiposity in the parent CARDIA year 35 exam: to assess dietary intake and measure adipose tissue depots by CT scan and metabolite markers in 3,270 black and white men and women. The central hypothesis is that repeated measures of energy intake (and other nutrients) from UPFs and related metabolite profiles predict obesity, adiposity, cardiometabolic risk, and T2D in 3,270 black and white men and women. The central hypothesis will be tested by pursuing three specific aims: 1) to examine intake of selected nutrients (energy, added sugar, fat, fiber, others) from UPFs at 4 examinations over 35 years, 2) to determine associations of repeated measures of energy and other nutrient intakes from UPFs at 4 exams with change in obesity, adipose tissue depots, cardiometabolic risk factors, and risk of T2D; and 3) to examine change in metabolite profiles associated with UPFs and their relationship to changes in weight, adipose tissue depots, cardiometabolic factors and risk of T2D. Biologic pathways will be identified based on metabolite profiles related to dietary intake and obesity- related and T2D outcomes. The proposed research is significant, because there is a need to know the long- term association of UPF intake with obesity and its pathologic correlates. The results will have an important impact because our findings 1) may challenge and clarify current diet policies - to consider not only nutrient and food group consumption, but also food processing and/or the formulation of food for a healthy eating pattern, and 2) may challenge food manufacturers to change food formulations by limiting or changing the type and/or amount of ingredients, thereby reducing the potential for developing some metabolic conditions.

超重和肥胖在过去的四十年里一直在增加， 体重与冠心病、2型糖尿病（T2D）和过早死亡的关系。同时，由于 20世纪50年代，出现在杂货店货架上的加工食品的数量和快餐店的数量 美国的餐饮业增长了200%。高度加工或超加工食品（UPFs），富含 添加糖、脂肪、钠和添加剂，占美国成年人消耗能量的55%以上。这些 在一些研究中，食物也与肥胖有关，但与心脏代谢结果无关。更好地理解 加工食品在肥胖和慢性疾病发展中的作用需要很好的表征， 关于生活方式、临床结果、客观生物标志物和饮食习惯重复测量的纵向数据 使用足够详细的调查问卷对食物的摄入量进行评估，以根据加工水平对食物进行正确分类。冠状 年轻人动脉风险发展（CARDIA）研究是唯一适合研究长期 加工食品摄入量对代谢和肥胖、心脏代谢风险和T2D的影响 基线时年龄为18 - 30岁（1985 - 86年）的大型birthday队列的生命历程。这项建议的目的是 在母体心脏中进行关于加工食品摄入、代谢组学和肥胖的辅助研究 第35年检查：通过CT扫描和代谢物评估饮食摄入量并测量脂肪组织库 在3,270名黑人和白色人身上做标记。中心假设是重复测量 来自UPFs的能量摄入（和其他营养素）和相关代谢物谱预测肥胖，肥胖， 心脏代谢风险和T2D在3，270名黑人和白色男性和女性。中心假设将被检验 通过追求三个具体目标：1）检查选定的营养素（能量，添加糖，脂肪，纤维， 其他）在35年内的4次检查中从UPFs中获得，2）确定重复测量的 在4次检查时从UPFs摄入的能量和其他营养素，以及肥胖、脂肪组织库的变化， 心脏代谢风险因素和T2D风险;以及3）检查与以下因素相关的代谢物谱的变化： UPFs及其与体重、脂肪组织库、心脏代谢因素和心脏病风险变化的关系 2型糖尿病将根据与饮食摄入和肥胖相关的代谢产物谱确定生物途径- 相关和T2D结果。这项研究是有意义的，因为有必要知道长期的- UPF摄入与肥胖及其病理学相关性研究其结果将对 影响，因为我们的研究结果1）可能会挑战和澄清目前的饮食政策-不仅考虑营养 和食物群体消费，而且还包括食品加工和/或食品配方以实现健康饮食 2）可能会挑战食品制造商通过限制或改变类型来改变食品配方 和/或成分的量，从而降低发生某些代谢状况的可能性。