CRCNS: Data Sharing: Pyrfume: A library for mammalian olfactory psychophysics

心理物理学是指一类研究方法和测量用于研究一个感性的 系统在嗅觉研究中，实验心理物理学包括行为测试， 气味和它们引起的感知之间的关系。理论嗅觉心理物理学尝试 通过构建能够预测或解释这些测试结果的模型来理解这些测试结果。这些 然后，模型约束了更广泛的嗅觉理论（包括神经机制），并为嗅觉的设计提供了信息。 探索这些机制的实验。然而，来自学术界的许多潜在的启发性数据集 而那些可以提供信息或测试理论成果的行业仍然很难找到、访问和使用。模型 由先前可用的数据驱动，因此只有稀疏的测试，只有弱的推广。 Pyrfume是一项努力，旨在广泛地收集与嗅觉心理物理学相关的数据， 自动确定模型对这些数据的理解程度，并为实验设计提供信息， 嗅觉研究。它将包括一个以研究为中心的人类心理物理学数据库 从文献、其他不同的数据库和工业来源提取的研究数据。它还将 包含来自动物模型的补充研究数据，这些数据直接针对相同类型的 关于特定刺激的问题，但在大多数人类实验无法达到的神经水平。所有这些 数据将通过一个共同的框架访问，并立即用于数据驱动的测试， 嗅觉在健康和疾病中的竞争模型。 相关性（参见说明）： 嗅觉障碍对社会行为、食物享受和危险回避至关重要;嗅觉丧失与 抑郁症和嗅觉下降是神经退行性疾病的早期预警信号。这个项目 组织对人类嗅觉的理解，促进嗅觉健康，疾病生物标志物的量化 发展和治疗嗅觉障碍。验光和听力学是精确的临床工具， 感知缺陷的医学目标;这项工作可以帮助推进嗅觉到同一水平。

Psychophysics refers to a class of research methods and measurements used to study a perceptual system. In olfaction research, experimental psychophysics consists of behavioral tests that illuminate the relationship between odorants and the percepts they evoke. Theoretical olfactory psychophysics attempts to makes sense of these test results by constructing models that can predict or explain them. These models then constrain broader theories of olfaction (including neural mechanisms) and inform the design of experiments that probe those mechanisms. However, many potentially illuminating datasets from academia and industry that could inform or test theoretical efforts remain difficult to locate, access, and use. Models driven by previously available data have thus been only sparsely tested and are only weakly generalizable. Pyrfume is an effort to extensively curate data related to olfactory psychophysics, to transparently and automatically determine how well models make sense of this data, and to inform experimental design for olfactory research at large. It will consist of a central , research-focused database of human psychophysics research data extracted from literature, other disparate databases, and industrial sources. It will also contain complementary research data from animal models that directly address the same kinds of questions about specific stimuli, but at a neural level inaccessible to most human experiments. All of these data will be accessible via a common framework and be immediately usable for data-driven tests of competing models of olfaction in health and disease. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Smell is essential for social behavior, food enjoyment, and danger avoidance; anosmia is associated with depression, and olfactory decline is an early warning sign for neurodegenerative diseases. This project organizes understanding of human olfaction, facilitating quantification of olfactory health, disease biomarker development, and cures for olfactory disorders. Optometry and audiology are refined clinical tools that map perceptual deficits onto medical targets; this work can help advance olfactometry to the same level.