CRCNS: Data Sharing: Pyrfume: A library for mammalian olfactory psychophysics

CRCNS：数据共享：Pyrfume：哺乳动物嗅觉心理物理学库

• 批准号: 9977149
• 负责人: Richard C Gerkin
• 金额: $ 14.79万
• 依托单位: ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY-TEMPE CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2022-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9977149
• 关键词: Academia; Address; Animal Model; Animals; Anosmia; Audiology; Auditory Psychophysics; Behavior; Clinical; Color Visions; Computer Models; Data; Data Set; Databases; Disease; Emotional; Experimental Designs; Food; Future; Health; Human; Industrialization; Industry; Infrastructure; Instruction; Internet; Knowledge; Libraries; Literature; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Medical; Memory; Mental Depression; Modeling; Nervous system structure; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Olfactory Pathways; Optometry; Performance; Principal Investigator; Process; Psychophysics; Pythons; Records; Research; Research Methodology; Research Personnel; Resources; Smell Perception; Social Behavior; Social Interaction; Source; Stimulus; Structure; System; Test Result; Testing; Theoretical model; Validation; Vision; Visual Psychophysics; Work; animal data; behavior test; behavioral response; biomarker development; data archive; data sharing; design; experimental study; food avoidance; human subject; improved; neuromechanism; olfactory disorder; relating to nervous system; relational database; theories; tool; web interface; web site

Psychophysics refers to a class of research methods and measurements used to study a perceptual system. In olfaction research, experimental psychophysics consists of behavioral tests that illuminate the relationship between odorants and the percepts they evoke. Theoretical olfactory psychophysics attempts to makes sense of these test results by constructing models that can predict or explain them. These models then constrain broader theories of olfaction (including neural mechanisms) and inform the design of experiments that probe those mechanisms. However, many potentially illuminating datasets from academia and industry that could inform or test theoretical efforts remain difficult to locate, access, and use. Models driven by previously available data have thus been only sparsely tested and are only weakly generalizable. Pyrfume is an effort to extensively curate data related to olfactory psychophysics, to transparently and automatically determine how well models make sense of this data, and to inform experimental design for olfactory research at large. It will consist of a central , research-focused database of human psychophysics research data extracted from literature, other disparate databases, and industrial sources. It will also contain complementary research data from animal models that directly address the same kinds of questions about specific stimuli, but at a neural level inaccessible to most human experiments. All of these data will be accessible via a common framework and be immediately usable for data-driven tests of competing models of olfaction in health and disease. RELEVANCE (See instructions): Smell is essential for social behavior, food enjoyment, and danger avoidance; anosmia is associated with depression, and olfactory decline is an early warning sign for neurodegenerative diseases. This project organizes understanding of human olfaction, facilitating quantification of olfactory health, disease biomarker development, and cures for olfactory disorders. Optometry and audiology are refined clinical tools that map perceptual deficits onto medical targets; this work can help advance olfactometry to the same level.

心理物理学是指用来研究知觉的一类研究方法和测量方法。 系统。在嗅觉研究中，实验心理物理学由行为测试组成，这些测试阐明了 气味和它们所唤起的感觉之间的关系。理论嗅觉心理物理学尝试 通过构建能够预测或解释这些测试结果的模型来理解这些测试结果。这些 然后，模型约束了更广泛的嗅觉理论(包括神经机制)，并为设计 探索这些机制的实验。然而，来自学术界的许多具有潜在启发性的数据集 而能够提供信息或测试理论成果的行业仍然很难找到、访问和使用。模型 因此，在以前可获得的数据的推动下，这些数据只得到了很少的检验，而且只能很弱地进行推广。 Pyrfume致力于广泛整理与嗅觉心理物理相关的数据，以透明和 自动确定模型对此数据的理解程度，并为以下实验设计提供信息 广泛的嗅觉研究。它将由一个以研究为中心的人类心理物理学数据库组成 从文献、其他不同的数据库和工业来源中提取的研究数据。它还将 包含来自动物模型的补充研究数据，这些数据直接解决了相同类型的 关于特定刺激的问题，但在神经水平上，大多数人类实验都无法获得。所有这些都是 数据将可通过通用框架访问，并可立即用于数据驱动的测试 健康和疾病中相互竞争的嗅觉模型。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 嗅觉对于社交行为、享受食物和避免危险是必不可少的；嗅觉障碍与 抑郁和嗅觉衰退是神经退行性疾病的早期预警信号。这个项目 组织对人类嗅觉的理解，促进嗅觉健康、疾病生物标记物的量化 发展，以及嗅觉障碍的治疗。验光和听力学是精致的临床工具 对医学目标的知觉缺陷；这项工作可以帮助嗅觉测量达到同样的水平。