Scalable ammonia/hydrogen marine internal combustion engine architecture

绿色航运革命被认为是海洋工业的必要和地震变化。这种从根本上改变传统海洋动力方法的努力，正确地集中在减少排放和提高效率上。然而，两个世纪以来，以化石燃料为基础的海洋能源在安全性、可靠性和基础设施方面取得了巨大进步，这些进步必须转化为绿色能源的世界。该项目将进行可行性研究，为在2024年将氨部分裂解为（1.0MW）内燃机（ICE）的快节奏物理演示提供基础，并在2025年之前实现海上原型。该系统将足够紧凑，可以集成在船上，并且温室气体排放将优化到接近零。虽然该项目旨在实现必要的零排放技术飞跃，但它也将与海员应得的安全性，稳健性和可靠性以及大规模生产，供应链和有限自然资源的现实相平衡。氨是一种取代现有化石燃料的天然零碳能源：它在使用时自然消除了碳和硫的排放，并克服了氢的严重物理密度限制。世界各地的港口每年常规处理近20吨氨，其作为大宗商品的熟悉程度允许适应和快速扩大和部署安全运行和维护的加油基础设施。然而，氨并不是直接用作燃料的：它的点火时间长，火焰速度慢，这使得在ice中燃烧具有挑战性。涉及化石燃料试点燃料的早期解决方案显示出希望，但仍会排放二氧化碳，因此离净零排放还很远。一个真正的零碳解决方案是将氨部分分解成氨和氢的混合物，但目前可用的分解方案对于船舶来说太麻烦了，而且产生的氢对于燃料电池来说不够纯净。与ICE系统的集成可以与裂解系统产生进一步的协同作用，从而提高系统效率。该项目将康明斯成熟的世界级动力系统能力、Sunborne systems的尖端裂解反应器研究、设计和演示能力，以及Ocean Infinity ARMADA船队提供的平台结合在一起，这些平台从第一天起就设计和建造了氨动力。第一艘潜艇已经下水，将于2022年底开始海试。

The green shipping revolution is recognised to be a necessary and seismic change to the marine industry. This drive to make fundamental changes to the traditional methods of marine power has rightly been focussed on reduction in emissions and increases in efficiency. However, two centuries of fossil fuel-based marine power has made huge steps in safety, reliability and infrastructure and these must be translated into the world of green power.The project will conduct a feasibility study to provide the grounding for a fast-paced physical demonstration of partial cracking of ammonia into an (1.0MW) Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) in 2024, with a seagoing prototype by 2025\. This system will be compact enough for integration in a ship, and GHG emissions will be optimised to near zero. Whilst this project seeks to make the necessary technological leap to zero emissions, it will also balance this with the safety, robustness and reliability deserved by mariners, and the realities of mass production, supply chains and limited natural resources.Ammonia is a natural zero-carbon energy source for displacing current fossil fuels: it naturally eliminates carbon and sulphur emissions at point of use and overcomes the serious physical density limitations of hydrogen. With nearly 20MT of ammonia routinely handled in ports around the world annually, its familiarity as a bulk commodity allows for adaptation and rapid scale-up and deployment of bunkering infrastructure that is safe to operate and maintain.However, ammonia is not straightforward to use as a fuel: its long ignition time and slow flame speed make it challenging to burn in ICEs. Early solutions involving fossil-fuel pilot fuels show promise, but still emit CO2, and therefore are not going far enough toward net zero. A truly zero-carbon solution is to partially crack the ammonia into a blend of ammonia and hydrogen, but currently available cracking solutions are too cumbersome for ships, and the hydrogen created is not pure enough for fuel cells. Integration with an ICE system can create further synergies with the cracking system, giving more system efficiency.The project brings together the proven world-class power systems capabilities of Cummins, the cutting-edge cracking reactor research, design and demonstration abilities of Sunborne Systems with the platform provided by the Ocean Infinity ARMADA fleet which are designed and built with capacity for ammonia power from day one. The first vessel is already in the water and will begin sea trials in late 2022\.