Rule-Guided Behavior across Species:Steps toward Declarative Cognition

元认知(了解自己的心理状态)和陈述性认知(表达它们)是必不可少的 认知功能和研究重点。拟议的研究将扩大这些研究领域。它会给你 参与者(成人、儿童、非人类动物)行为报告方法论 描述他们自己的任务方法。它将为研究人员提供一种非语言的方式来指导参与者正确地 任务进场。它将探索元认知的一个新方面--对自己的任务策略的自我意识。它 将探索幼儿陈述性认知的根源，通过为自我提供行为渠道 在口头渠道之前的报告完全支持这一声明。在比较方面，它将具有变革性 心理学，首次向动物提供行为自我报告。 为此，这项拟议的研究询问参与者是否可以根据指令调整注意力 由抽象图标提供。它询问他们是否可以使用这些图标来报告他们自己的任务 接近。它询问这些图标是否可以获得准符号属性，以便理解它们 接受性(诱导指导性集合)和产出性(允许自我报告任务策略)。它针对的是 这些问题使用了匹配、分类、相同-不同以及其他影响比较的任务 和发展心理学。最后，它询问参与者是否可以使用他们的抽象图标来陈述他们的 任务首选项。 元认知和陈述性认知对智力适应、教育成功和日常生活都至关重要 活着。很好地了解它们是一个重要的科学和心理健康目标。拟议的研究将 提供新的方法来研究这些能力的最基本形式。它将提供动物模型。这些可以是 用于神经科学研究以培养或恢复这些能力。这项研究将给出发展 研究人员为探索儿童发展过程中陈述性认知的开始提供了工具。它会打开的 陈述性认知的非语言渠道，可以为言语交流障碍的人服务。这些 可以支持人类的舒适和姑息治疗。它将打开一个新的元认知通道，通过它 比较心理学家或许能更好地理解动物的自我反省心理。

Metacognition (knowing one's own mental states), and declarative cognition (expressing them) are essential cognitive functions and focuses of research. The proposed research will extend these research areas. It will give participants (human adults, children, nonhuman animals) a behavioral-report methodology by which they can describe their own task approach. It will give researchers a nonverbal way to instruct participants in the correct task approach. It will explore a new aspect of metacognition—the self-awareness of one's own task strategy. It will explore the roots of declarative cognition in young children, by providing a behavioral channel for self- report before the verbal channel fully supports that declaration. It will be transformative in comparative psychology, providing behavioral self-reports to animals for the first time. To this end, the proposed research asks whether participants can tune attention based on the instruction provided by abstract icons. It asks whether they can use those icons to make reports of their own task approach. It asks whether these icons can acquire quasi-symbolic properties, so that they are understood receptively (inducing instructional sets) and productively (allowing self-reports of task strategies). It addresses those questions using matching, categorization, same-different, and other influential tasks from comparative and developmental psychology. Finally, it asks whether participants can use their abstract icons to state their task preferences. Metacognition and declarative cognition are crucial to intellectual adaptation, educational success, and daily living. Understanding them well is an important scientific and mental-health goal. The proposed research will provide new ways to study the most basic forms of these capacities. It will provide animal models. These can be used in neuroscience studies to foster or rehabilitate these capacities. The research will give developmental researchers tools for exploring the beginnings of declarative cognition during child development. It will open nonverbal channels of declarative cognition that could serve humans impaired at verbal communication. These could support human comfort and palliative care. It will open a new metacognitive channel by which comparative psychologists may understand better animals' self-reflective minds.