Latino Youths Coping with Discrimination: A Multi-Level Investigation in Micro- and Macro-Time

项目摘要 继续暴露于与歧视有关的压力源(例如，种族/族裔歧视、不公平待遇) 作为健康的社会决定因素，对少数群体构成公共卫生挑战。虽然 与歧视相关的压力源一直与不良的心理健康结果有关，有 迫切需要确定机制和可延展性风险/保护因素，以整合到设计中 社区和临床干预。此R01应用程序的总体目标是调查调解人 和多个生态(个人、家庭/同龄人和学校/社区)和时间尺度的主持人 (微观和宏观时间)与歧视有关的压力源与心理健康之间的联系 340名墨西哥裔青年。在社会生态学、生命历程观点的指导下，拟议的项目有三个 具体目标：(1)确定影响墨西哥裔美国人血统的人内歧视相关压力源 青年的心理健康结果以及微观和宏观时间层面的作用机制；(2) 找出可帮助青少年成功应付与歧视有关的压力的保护性因素，以及 这些保护性因素发挥作用的条件；以及(3)阐明青年、父母和邻居 风险因素缓和了与歧视相关的压力源与青年心理健康之间的联系。 该项目的长期目标是通过减少墨西哥裔青年的心理健康 种族主义的有害影响，“他者”，以及负面的邻里互动。中心假设是 这种联系将通过认知和/或情感机制(即愤怒、过度警惕、情绪 监管、低社会地位对自我价值的威胁)，并受到应对资源的制约(父母 适应和种族社会化)和家庭、同伴和邻里支持，因此代表了 生态层次。以社区为基础的协作将有助于确保招募目标样本 墨西哥裔青少年、母亲和父亲；父亲的加入将是对 文学，因为缺乏对拉丁裔父亲/继父的研究。通过两者的创新集成 年度纵向(宏观时间)和每日日记(微观时间)研究设计特点、重要问题 关于调解和缓和过程将如何随着时间的推移展开。建议的分析 也反映了拉美裔青少年通过雇佣个人层面的社会文化利基 方法以及二元(青春期-母亲；青春期-父亲)和三元(青春期-母亲-父亲) 对关键研究假设进行检验的分析。考虑到目前拉丁裔移民的增长，迫切需要 测试墨西哥裔青少年的风险和韧性的社会生态学模型，该模型对两者都有反应 他们的直接背景和围绕移民的更大的全球力量。这项研究具有很高的翻译性 它将促进制定更有效、更具文化敏感性的预防和干预战略 为拉丁裔青年和他们的家庭服务。

Project Summary Exposure to discrimination-related stressors (e.g., racial/ethnic discrimination, unfair treatment) continues to pose a public health challenge to minority populations as a social determinant of health. Although discrimination-related stressors have been consistently associated with poor mental health outcomes, there is a critical need to identify mechanisms and malleable risk/protective factors to integrate in the design of community and clinical interventions. The overall objective of this R01 application is to investigate mediators and moderators at multiple ecological (individual, family/peer and school/neighborhood levels) and time-scale (micro- and macro-time) levels in the link between discrimination-related stressors and mental health among 340 Mexican-origin youth. Guided by a socioecological, life course perspective, the proposed project has three specific aims: (1) determine within-person discrimination-related stressors that impact Mexican-American origin youth’s mental health outcomes as well as the mechanisms of action at both micro- and macro-time levels; (2) identify protective factors that could help youth to successfully cope with discrimination-related stressors and the conditions under which those protective factors work; and (3) elucidate the youth, parent, and neighborhood risk factors that moderate the link between discrimination-related stressors and mental health in youth. The project’s long-term goal is to improve the mental health of Mexican-origin youth by reducing the deleterious effects of racism, “othering,” and negative neighborhood interactions. The central hypothesis is that this link will be mediated by cognitive and/or affective mechanisms (i.e. anger, hypervigilance, emotion regulation, low social position as threats to self-worth) and moderated by coping resources (parental adaptation and racial socialization) and family, peer, and neighborhood supports, thus representing multiple ecological levels. Community-based collaboration will help ensure recruitment of the targeted sample of Mexican-origin adolescents, mothers, and fathers; the inclusion of fathers will be a valuable contribution to the literature, given the dearth of studies on Latinx fathers/stepfathers. Through the innovative integration of both yearly longitudinal (macro-time) and daily diary (micro-time) research design features, important questions about how mediating and moderating processes unfold over time will be addressed. The proposed analyses also reflect the multi-layered sociocultural niches occupied by Latinx adolescents by employing individual-level methods as well as dyadic (adolescent-mother; adolescent-father) and triadic (adolescent-mother-father) analyses to test key study hypotheses. Considering the current growth of Latinx immigrants, it is imperative to test a socioecological model of risk and resilience for Mexican-origin adolescents that is responsive to both their immediate context and the larger global forces around migration. This research is highly translational in that it will facilitate the development of more effective, culturally sensitive prevention and intervention strategies for Latinx youth and their families.