Pathways of Social Contingency for Navigating Developmental Landscapes of Risk in ASD: Developmental Progressions and Pivotal Transitions in Infant-Caregiver Vocal Interaction

项目总结 Emory ACE的五年研究提供了令人信服的证据，证明了 有自闭症风险的婴儿早期社交活动缺陷以及后来的言语和语言缺陷 谱系障碍(ASD)贯穿于嗓音发育的每个阶段，从出生后的头几个月开始。 发声行为的发展进步不仅在婴儿身上发现，在照顾者中也是如此， 婴儿和照顾者的进展都受到自闭症的干扰，这表明检测和 针对自闭症患者口语交流的干预应立足于测量和 在生命早期的二元互动中操纵社会偶然性，照顾母亲以及 那个孩子。扩展我们的研究以探索这些发现，项目II将确定发展 婴儿和照顾者之间社会应变的进展，发现有效成分和 早期发声的关键社会互动机制的发展机会之窗 发展以及言语和语言的出现，并决定了它们在自闭症中的不同 和典型发展。由150名高危婴儿和100名低风险对照婴儿组成的新队列从0到30 几个月将允许我们分析性别、种族和民族以及社会经济地位的影响。第一 具体目的是确定婴儿和婴儿的发声行为和社会偶然性的关键转变 生命前三年的照顾者。基于对家庭录音的自动分析 每隔一个月进行纵向抽样，我们绘制出以下模式的发展进程 婴儿发声行为和成人发声行为，并识别有显著差异的时期 典型发育的变化和自闭症的延迟或偏差。第二个具体目标是 确定婴儿和照顾者的关键转变的机制。通过测量 婴幼儿/成人定向言语对发育的声学提示和时序模式的差异 确定声音信号中调节过渡的有效成分，并测试 婴儿/照顾者正在适当地产生/响应信号。第三个具体目标是 评价社会偶然性和发声行为发展轨迹的表现为 风险的生物标志物和治疗反应和结果的预测因子。将结果合并到 项目I-IV，我们测试了这样的假设，即早期社会偶然性的测量在 预测ASD高危婴儿的言语和语言结果优于早期发声测量 制作。我们预测，针对婴儿和婴儿之间的社会偶然性的治疗范例 护理者在促进语言发展方面比那些针对语言的人更有效 仅在婴儿体内发育。这项研究解决了NIMH战略计划的所有四个目标。

PROJECT SUMMARY Five years of research in the Emory ACE have provided compelling evidence for a causal link between early deficits in social engagement and later deficits in speech and language in infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across every stage of vocal development, beginning in the first months of life. Developmental progressions in vocal behavior are found not only in the infant, but also in the caregiver, and progressions in both infant and caregiver are disrupted by autism, suggesting that detection and intervention targeting spoken communication in ASD should be grounded in measuring and manipulating social contingency in dyadic interactions early in life, attending to the mother as well as the child. Extending our research to explore these findings, Project II will identify developmental progressions in social contingency between infant and caregiver, discover active ingredients and developmental windows of opportunity for key mechanisms of social interaction that scaffold early vocal development and the emergence of speech and language, and determine how these differ in autism and typical development. A new cohort of 150 high-risk infants and 100 low-risk controls from 0 to 30 months will allow us to analyze effects of sex, race and ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. The first specific aim is to identify pivotal transitions in vocal behavior and social contingency in both infant and caregiver over the first three years of life. Based on automated analysis of home audio recordings sampled longitudinally at monthly intervals, we map out developmental progressions in patterns of infant-directed and adult-directed vocal behavior, and identify periods where there are significant changes in typical development and delays or deviations in autism. The second specific aim is to identify mechanisms responsible for pivotal transitions, in infant and caregiver. By measuring differences in acoustic cues and timing patterns in infant/adult-directed speech over development, we identify active ingredients of vocal signaling that mediate transitions, and test whether infants/caregivers are producing/responding to signals appropriately. The third specific aim is to evaluate the performance of developmental trajectories of social contingency and vocal behavior as biomarkers of risk and predictors of treatment response and outcome. Combining results across Projects I-IV, we test the hypothesis that measures of early social contingency are more effective at predicting speech and language outcome in infants at risk of ASD than measures of early vocal production. We predict that treatment paradigms targeting social contingency between infant and caregiver are more effective at promoting speech development than those that target speech development in the infant alone. This research addresses all four aims of the NIMH Strategic Plan.