The ontogeny of social vocal engagement and its derailment in autism

十年来利用眼球跟踪技术测量自发视力的开创性研究 观看自然情景时的扫描行为表明，婴儿有发展的风险 自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)在生命的第一年、一个时期表现出非典型的视觉注意模式 当与面孔的社交接触对向口语过渡至关重要时。扩展我们的 埃默里ACE中跟踪社会参与的个体发育及其脱轨的计划努力 自闭症。项目二将规划前三年社会发声参与的发展情况 多年的生活，以探索早期脱轨的社会视觉参与的后果 项目一，在跟踪眼球跟踪的同时，跟踪项目二的口语发展情况 项目I中2~36个月婴儿对说话面孔的视觉注意测量 自闭症、非自闭症发育迟缓(DD)和典型发育(TD)之间的密切协同 这两个项目将阐明定义ASD的两个核心赤字之间的关系，以及 建议在项目III中利用的有针对性的早期干预机制。项目II的目标是测试 有自闭症风险的婴儿的新出现的交流脱轨可以归因于 社会参与机制的早期崩溃。第一个目标是对早期的声音进行量化 基于自动声学的TD、DD和ASD婴儿的行为和口语发展 每个月收集的每个儿童语言环境的一天录音分析 在家中呆2-36个月。第二个目标是确定社会参与之间的关系 在人生的第一年和人生的前三年口语发展。第三个目标是 确定视觉注意力的定量测量(使用眼球跟踪)的发展概况 在生命的头两年内(使用声学测量)和口语发展 可一起用作：(A)明确的诊断标记；(B)自闭症症状的预测指标；(C)a 定义自闭症谱系内表型的方法，将风险、诊断和结果联系起来。 相关性(请参阅说明)： 这项研究项目将通过确定ASD的两个核心缺陷之间的关系来阐明 生命第一年的社会参与如何影响后来的口语发展，以及将 帮助指导制定针对自闭症沟通障碍的干预措施，解决 NIH机构间自闭症委员会战略计划中的三个关键主题：“更早地发现”， “预防”和“异质性”。

Ten years of pioneering research capitalizing on eye-tracking technology to measure spontaneous visual scanning behavior in viewing of naturalistic situations have demonstrated that infants at risk of developing autism spectrum disorders (ASD) display atypical patterns of visual attention in the first year of life, a period when social engagement with faces is crucial for the transition to spoken language. Expanding our programmatic effort in the Emory ACE to track the ontogeny of social engagement and its derailment in autism. Project II will map out the developmental unfolding of social vocal engagement over the first three years of life, to explore the consequences of eariy derailment of social visual engagement investigated in Project I. By tracking the development of spoken language in Project II concurrently with eye-tracking measures of visual attention to talking faces in Project I from 2 to 36 months in a cohort of 235 infants with ASD, non-autistic developmental delays (DD) and typical development (TD), the close synergy between these two projects will shed light on the relationship between two core deficits defining ASD, as well as suggesting mechanisms for targeted eariy intervention exploited in Project III. The goal of Project II is to test the hypothesis that the derailment of emerging communication in infants at risk of autism can be attributed to an eariier breakdown in mechanisms of social engagement. The first aim is to quantify eariy vocal behavior and spoken language development in TD, DD, and ASD infants, based on automated acoustic analysis of day-long audio recordings of each child's language environment collected at monthly intervals from 2-36 months in the home. The second aim is to determine the relationship between social engagement in the first year of life and spoken language development in the first three years of life. The third aim is to determine whether developmental profiles for quantitative measures of visual attention (using eye-tracking measures) and spoken language development (using acoustic measures) within the first two years of life can together be used as: (a) categorical diagnostic markers; (b) predictors of autistic symptomatology; (c) a means of defining endophenotypes within the autism spectrum, linking risk, diagnosis and outcome. RELEVANCE (See instructions): This research project will shed light on the relationship between two core deficits in ASD by determining how social engagement within the first year of life influences later spoken language development, and will help to guide the development of interventions that target the communication deficit in autism, addressing three key themes in the NIH Interagency Autism Committee Strategic Plan: "Eariier Detection", "Prevention", and "Heterogeneity".