Nitrogen efficient plants for climate smart arable cropping systems (NCS)

英国加工商和种植者研究组织将领导这个雄心勃勃的国家研究项目，与200个英国农场和18个合作伙伴一起设计一个环境变革、经济可持续的耕地轮作系统，以优化作物轮作，造福气候。英国农业占英国温室气体总排放量p/a的10%（4630万吨），一氧化二氮总排放量的68%，甲烷总排放量的47%和二氧化碳总排放量的1.7%。耕地种植对这些数字的贡献很大，每年使用596,496吨氮肥。现有的排放估计是针对个别作物的，而这些对连作轮作的影响仍未量化。该项目将调查三个机会缺口：(i)用豆类和豆类轮作代替20%的全国粮食作物，以建立一个净零农业途径；（ii）用豆类代替30%的全国牲畜饲料中的饲料谷物（目前占英国谷物市场的70%）的营养和财务可行性；（iii）为这一额外产量创造市场。拟议的系统输出将通过以下方式为英国的净零目标做出贡献，在英国农业的最大潜力280万吨（Defra农业气候报告，2021年）中，总潜力减少150万吨二氧化碳当量p/a。*减少233,000吨氮肥和0.55公吨（二氧化碳当量）——全国减少1.2%——通过增加脉冲和豆类作物种植面积，使英国农场的轮作最佳面积达到20%（100万公顷）。*使用后续产品替代动物饲料（取代50%的进口豆粕），进一步减少70公吨二氧化碳当量。*为后续作物提供剩余氮，导致额外0.25MT二氧化碳当量（0.5%）。*通过减少英国种植者20%的氮肥和分别从英国农业供应链进口的180万吨大豆，为全国农业每年节省1.032亿英镑的成本。*一项政策工具，促使采取更多措施和具有成本效益的解决方案，减少农业温室气体排放，符合农业经营（来源：Defra农业气候报告，2021年10月）。*一套农民和种植者案例研究，可用于教育和告知全国农业社区研究解决方案的环境和经济效益。我们建议为农民/种植者提供一个技术上和财政上可获得的系统，以实现100%采用具有全国弹性和可持续的粮食系统。第二个好处是减少碳足迹，这与每年180万吨大豆进口的国内替代有关。

The UK Processors and Growers Research Organisation will lead this ambitious national research programme with 200 UK farms and 18 partners to design an environmentally transformative, economically sustainable arable rotation system to optimise crop rotations for climate benefit.UK farming accounts for 10% of the UK's total GHG emissions p/a (46.3 MT), 68% of total UK nitrous oxide emissions, 47% of total methane emissions and 1.7% of total CO2\. Arable cropping significantly contributes to these figures, utilising 596,496T of Nitrogen fertiliser p/a. Existing emission estimates are for individual crops, and the impact of these in successive rotational cropping remains unquantified.This project will investigate three opportunity gaps: (i) replacement of 20% of national grain crops with pulses and legumes rotations to establish a net zero farming pathway, (ii) the nutritional and financial feasibility of replacing feed grains (currently representing 70% of the UK grain market) with legumes in 30% national livestock feed and (iii) create a market for this additional yield.The proposed system outputs would contribute to UK Net Zero goals with a total potential reduction of 1.5MT CO2e p/a of the maximum potential 2.8MT for UK agriculture (Defra Agri Climate Report, 2021) in the following ways.* Removal of 233,000T of nitrogen fertiliser and 0.55MT (CO2e) - a 1.2% national reduction - by increasing pulse and legume cropping areas to the rotational optimum of 20% (1M Ha) across UK farms.* Use of subsequent produce in animal feed substitution (replacing 50% of imported soya meal) delivering a further 0.7MT CO2e reduction.* Delivery of a residual N benefit to following crops, leading to an additional 0.25MT CO2e (0.5%).* Delivering a national cost saving to farming of £1032M p/a, by removing 20% of N fertiliser across UK growers and 1.8MT soya imports respectively from the UK farming supply chain.* A policy tool that leads to the adoption of more measures and cost-effective solutions for reducing agricultural GHGs that fit with the farm business' (source: Defra Agri-Climate Report, October 2021).* A set of farmer and grower case studies that can be used to educate and inform the national farming community of the environmental and financial benefits of the research solution.We propose a technologically and financially accessible system for farmers/growers to achieve 100% uptake of a nationally resilient and sustainable food system. Secondary benefits will be the reduction of carbon footprint associated with the domestic replacement of 1.8MT of soya imports p/a.