The humoral response to Zika virus infection and vaccination

寨卡病毒（ZIKV）是一种由蚊子传播的RNA病毒，近年来已成为对公共卫生的重大威胁。虽然人们已经知道ZIKV的存在超过60年，但直到最近，这种病毒还不是重大人类疾病的来源。ZIKV的第一次大爆发发生在2007年的雅普岛（密克罗尼西亚），导致大约四分之三的人口被感染，此后在2014年引入南美洲之前在其他太平洋岛屿上爆发。包括美利坚合众国在内的西半球40多个国家现已报告当地获得性感染。ZIKV相关疾病被描述为一种自限性轻度疾病，其特征为皮疹、发热、结膜炎、关节痛和关节炎。最近的ZIKV爆发与神经系统并发症有关，包括成年人的格林-巴利综合征，以及怀孕期间感染的妇女的婴儿的毁灭性神经发育缺陷，包括小头畸形。迫切需要采取干预措施来减少ZIKV传播和疾病。 我们的实验室将寻求对ZIKV抗体反应的基本理解，并将这些见解应用于ZIKV疫苗的开发（与其他NIAID实验室合作）和新的诊断方法。

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an RNA virus transmitted by mosquitoes that has emerged in recent years as a considerable threat to public health. While the existence of ZIKV has been known for more than sixty years, until recently, this virus was not a source of significant human disease. The first large outbreak of ZIKV occurred in Yap Island (Micronesia) in 2007, resulting in roughly three-quarters of the population becoming infected, and thereafter on other Pacific Islands prior to its introduction into South America in 2014. More than 40 countries in the Western Hemisphere have now reported locally acquired infections, including the United States of America. ZIKV-associated illness was described as a self-limiting mild illness characterized by rash, fever, conjunctivitis, arthralgia, and arthritis. More recent ZIKV outbreaks have been associated with neurological complications, including Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults, and devastating neurodevelopmental defects in infants of women infected while pregnant, including microcephaly. There is an urgent need for interventions to reduce ZIKV transmission and disease. Our laboratory will seek a fundamental understanding of the antibody response to ZIKV and apply these insights into the development of ZIKV vaccines (collaboratively with other NIAID laboratories) and novel diagnostic approaches.