Family context, child characteristics, child-rearing features, and obesity risk: a 15-year longitudinal analysis

项目摘要 在美国，儿童和青少年肥胖已经成为一个严重的公共卫生问题。到 迄今为止，我们对家庭因素和儿童的作用的认识仍有很大的差距。 儿童肥胖症的病因学特点。对自然的透彻理解 问题的过程以及风险如何在儿童的成长过程中交叉和积累 生命是有效干预战略的关键。我们建议评估纵向 家庭因素的关系（贫困、婚姻状况/家庭结构和母亲/父亲 抑郁症），儿童的气质，和儿童养育特征（父母教养方式，非母亲 儿童保育）与肥胖的发展和过渡/持续的体重状况超过 童年和青春期的不同阶段。国家儿童健康研究所和 儿童早期保育和青年发展研究（SECCYD） 研究了1，364名受试者的全国出生队列，并收集了全面的 从出生到青春期（15岁）的频繁间隔纵向信息，包括 父母和孩子的特征，以及标准测量的体重和身高。指导 生命历程理论和社会生态理论，拟议的研究将确定， 风险有关键阶段，如果在儿童的一生中风险累积， 儿童肥胖症的发展。这项研究将探讨关键家庭之间的相互作用， 因素和儿童特征对儿童肥胖风险的影响，以及检查 这些个体变量对肥胖发展的平均/边际效应， 儿童和青少年时期体重状况的过渡/持续。具体目标是： 1)目标1：评估家庭的影响（贫穷、婚姻状况/家庭结构、母亲/父亲 抑郁、父母教养方式、非母婴照料）和个体（儿童气质）水平 肥胖发展和体重状态转变/持续的特征 2）探讨家庭因素与儿童气质的可能相互作用 儿童抚养特征（父母教养方式，非母亲照顾） 儿童期肥胖症的发展和体重状态的转变/持续。混合 广义估计方程（GEE）和结构方程模型（SEM） 技术将用于分析数据。该数据集提供了一个独特的机会， 进行全面的数据分析，对动态进行有效和准确的估计 关键家庭因素和儿童特征与儿童期肥胖风险的关系 度过青春期因此，我们提出的研究将大大延长目前的 了解儿童和青少年肥胖的风险和途径。结果 从这项研究将有助于确定关键的家庭环境和儿童养育的做法，为有针对性的 促进健康和减少肥胖的干预措施。

Project Summary Obesity among children and youth in the U.S. has become a serious public health problem. To date, there is still a large gap in our knowledge of the roles of family factors and child characteristics in the etiology of childhood obesity. A thorough understanding of the natural process of the problem and how the risks intersect and accumulate over the course of the child’s life is the key for effective intervention strategies. We propose to assess the longitudinal relationships of family factors (poverty, marital status/family structure, and maternal/paternal depression), child’s temperament, and child-rearing features (parenting styles, non-maternal child care) with the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status over the different phases of childhood and adolescence. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) has examined a national birth cohort of 1,364 subjects and have collected comprehensive information longitudinally, at frequent intervals from birth to adolescence (age 15), including parental and child characteristics, and standard measured body weight and height. Guided by the Life Course Theory and the Social Ecological Theory, the proposed study will determine if there are critical phases for risks and if there is an accumulation of risks across the child’s life in the development of childhood obesity. The study will explore the interplay between key family factors and child characteristics on childhood obesity risk, as well as examine the average/marginal effects of these individual variables on the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status during childhood and adolescence. The specific aims are: 1) Aim 1: Assess the impact of family (poverty, marital status/family structure, maternal/paternal depression, parenting styles, non-maternal child care) and individual (child temperament) level characteristics on the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status during childhood; 2) Explore the possible interplay of family factors and child’s temperament characteristics with child-rearing features (parenting styles, non-maternal child care) on the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status during childhood. Mixed models, generalized estimating equations (GEE), and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques will be used to analyze the data. This data set provides a unique opportunity to conduct a comprehensive data analysis with valid and accurate estimates of the dynamic associations of key family factors and child characteristics with obesity risk from childhood through adolescence. Therefore, our proposed study will significantly extend the current knowledge about the risk of and the pathways to obesity in childhood and adolescence. Findings from this study will help to identify key family contexts and child rearing practices for targeted interventions to promote health and reduce obesity.