Family context, child characteristics, child-rearing features, and obesity risk: a 15-year longitudinal analysis

项目摘要 美国儿童和青少年中的肥胖已经成为一个严重的公共健康问题。至 到目前为止，我们对家庭因素和孩子的作用的认识仍然有很大差距 儿童肥胖症的病因特点。对自然界的透彻理解 问题的过程，以及风险如何在孩子的过程中交叉和积累 生活是有效干预策略的关键。我们建议评估纵向 家庭因素(贫穷、婚姻状况/家庭结构和母亲/父亲)的关系 抑郁)、孩子的气质和育儿特点(父母教养方式、非母性 儿童保育)随着肥胖的发展和体重状况的转变/持续 童年和青春期的不同阶段。美国国家儿童健康与发展研究所 人类发展(NICHD)幼儿保育和青年发展研究(SECCYD) 已经检查了全国1364名受试者的出生队列，并收集了 纵向信息，从出生到青春期(15岁)，包括 父母和孩子的特征，以及标准测量的体重和身高。指导原则 生命历程理论和社会生态理论，拟议的研究将确定 有风险的关键阶段，如果在儿童的一生中有风险的积累 儿童肥胖症的发展。这项研究将探索关键家庭之间的相互作用 儿童肥胖风险的影响因素和儿童特征，以及研究 这些个体变量对肥胖发展的平均/边际影响以及 儿童和青春期体重状况的转变/持续性。具体目标是： 1)目标1：评估家庭(贫穷、婚姻状况/家庭结构、母亲/父亲)的影响 抑郁、父母教养方式、非母性育儿)和个人(儿童气质)水平 肥胖症的发展特点和体重状态的转变/持续 2)探讨家庭因素与儿童气质之间可能的相互作用 具有育儿特点的特征(父母教养方式、非母性育儿) 肥胖症的发展和儿童时期体重状态的转变/持续。混和 模型、广义估计方程(GEE)和结构方程建模(SEM) 将使用技术来分析数据。该数据集提供了一个独特的机会 使用有效和准确的动态估计进行全面的数据分析 关键家庭因素和儿童特征与儿童肥胖风险的关系 一直到青春期。因此，我们建议的研究将大大延长目前的 了解儿童和青春期肥胖的风险和途径。发现 这项研究将有助于确定有针对性的关键家庭背景和子女养育做法 促进健康和减少肥胖的干预措施。

Project Summary Obesity among children and youth in the U.S. has become a serious public health problem. To date, there is still a large gap in our knowledge of the roles of family factors and child characteristics in the etiology of childhood obesity. A thorough understanding of the natural process of the problem and how the risks intersect and accumulate over the course of the child’s life is the key for effective intervention strategies. We propose to assess the longitudinal relationships of family factors (poverty, marital status/family structure, and maternal/paternal depression), child’s temperament, and child-rearing features (parenting styles, non-maternal child care) with the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status over the different phases of childhood and adolescence. The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) has examined a national birth cohort of 1,364 subjects and have collected comprehensive information longitudinally, at frequent intervals from birth to adolescence (age 15), including parental and child characteristics, and standard measured body weight and height. Guided by the Life Course Theory and the Social Ecological Theory, the proposed study will determine if there are critical phases for risks and if there is an accumulation of risks across the child’s life in the development of childhood obesity. The study will explore the interplay between key family factors and child characteristics on childhood obesity risk, as well as examine the average/marginal effects of these individual variables on the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status during childhood and adolescence. The specific aims are: 1) Aim 1: Assess the impact of family (poverty, marital status/family structure, maternal/paternal depression, parenting styles, non-maternal child care) and individual (child temperament) level characteristics on the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status during childhood; 2) Explore the possible interplay of family factors and child’s temperament characteristics with child-rearing features (parenting styles, non-maternal child care) on the development of obesity and the transition/persistence of weight status during childhood. Mixed models, generalized estimating equations (GEE), and structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques will be used to analyze the data. This data set provides a unique opportunity to conduct a comprehensive data analysis with valid and accurate estimates of the dynamic associations of key family factors and child characteristics with obesity risk from childhood through adolescence. Therefore, our proposed study will significantly extend the current knowledge about the risk of and the pathways to obesity in childhood and adolescence. Findings from this study will help to identify key family contexts and child rearing practices for targeted interventions to promote health and reduce obesity.