Role of early motor experience in infants with Down syndrome

项目总结 唐氏综合征(DS)是最常见的遗传疾病，会导致严重的发育迟缓和 在运动、认知和语言领域的弱点。研究这些共生现象很重要。 发展挑战并制定有效的干预策略，以实现多学科的积极学习成果 域同时存在。研究发现，运动发育与认知和语言密切相关 典型发育婴儿的发育和运动发育的进步具有发育级联作用 对其他领域的影响。然而，这种相互关系在患有DS的婴儿中尚未被研究。我们之前的工作是 研究表明，通过体重支持的跑步机踏步进行的粗大运动体验会导致更早的发病 改善DS婴儿的行走能力和后续运动能力。然而，我们还不知道程度如何。 这种运动体验促进了患有DS的婴儿的认知和语言发展。研究还包括 这表明，握力是婴儿期出现的一种主要的精细运动技能，为 随之而来的手势和言语产出。然而，关于掌握及其对其他人的潜在影响的研究 在患有DS的婴儿中，区域仍然很少。这项建议的目标是理解：(A) 具体的粗大运动经验和(B)关于运动、认知和语言的具体精细运动经验 DS患儿的发育状况。我们的中心假设是，运动经验(无论是粗略的还是细腻的)都会有所帮助。 促进DS婴儿的认知和语言发展。我们将招募45名患有DS的婴儿 大亚特兰大地区和更远的地区。将分为三组：(A)粗大运动组(n=15)，进入 (B)粗大运动加精细运动(GM+FM)组(n=15)，在10个月左右开始学习； 约10个月；和(C)对照组(n=15)，在约20个月时进入研究。目标1：确定 粗大运动体验对DS婴儿认知和语言发育的影响 和对照组。只有GM组将获得基于家庭的、父母指导的跑步机踏步练习 从10个月大(T1)到开始走路。我们假设通用汽车集团将表现出更高的贝利 在GM干预结束(T3)和5个月时的分数和更好的手势和单词产生 此后(T4)明显高于对照组。目标2：确定精细运动体验对认知和运动能力的影响 接受GM干预的DS婴儿的语言发展，特别是在手势和单词方面 生产，比较GM组和GM+FM组。只有GM+FM组才能获得良好的运动体验 在实践中，从10个月大开始用“粘性手套”抓握大约5个月。我们假设 GM+FM组将在运动、认知和语言领域表现出进一步的进步，特别是在 手势和单词产生，比GM组在FM干预结束(T2)时以及在T3和 T4.我们的研究将深入了解运动体验对认知和 并为未来DS婴儿的临床试验奠定了基础。

PROJECT SUMMARY Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic condition and causes significant development delays and weaknesses in the motor, cognitive, and language domains. It is important to study these co-occurring developmental challenges and develop effective intervention strategies for positive learning outcomes in multiple domains simultaneously. It was found that motor development is closely associated with cognitive and language development in typically developing infants and advances in motor development have developmental cascade effects on other domains. However, this interrelation has not been studied in infants with DS. Our prior work has shown that gross motor experience through body-weight-supported treadmill stepping leads to an earlier onset of walking and improves subsequent locomotor ability in infants with DS. However, we do not yet know the extent to which this motor experience advances cognitive and language development in infants with DS. Research also suggests that grasping, a major fine motor skill emerging in infancy, provides the needed scaffolding for subsequent gesture and speech production. However, research on grasping and its potential effects on other domains in infants with DS remains scarce. The objectives of this proposal are to understand: the role of (a) specific gross motor experience and (b) specific fine motor experience on the motor, cognitive and language development of infants with DS. Our central hypothesis is that motor (both gross and fine) experience will help advance cognitive and language development in infants with DS. We will recruit 45 infants with DS from the greater Atlanta area and beyond. There will be three groups: (a) gross motor (GM) group (n=15), entering the study at about 10 months of age; (b) gross motor plus fine motor (GM+FM) group (n=15), entering the study at about 10 months; and (c) control group (n=15), entering the study at about 20 months. Aim 1: Determine the effects of gross motor experience on cognitive and language development in infants with DS, comparing the GM and control groups. Only the GM group will receive a home-based, parent-guided practice of treadmill stepping from 10 months of age (T1) until onset of walking. We hypothesize that the GM group will show higher Bayley scores and better gesture and word production at termination of the GM intervention (T3) and five months thereafter (T4) than the control group. Aim 2: Determine the effects of fine motor experience on cognitive and language development in infants with DS who receive the GM intervention, particularly in gesture and word production, comparing the GM and GM+FM groups. Only the GM+FM group will receive fine motor experience in practice of grasping using “sticky mittens” from 10 months of age for about five months. We hypothesize that the GM+FM group will show further improvements in motor, cognitive and language domains, particularly in gesture and word production, than the GM group at termination of the FM intervention (T2) and again at T3 and T4. Our study will gain an in-depth understanding of the cascading effects of motor experience on cognitive and language development and lay the groundwork for future clinical trials in infants with DS.