Metacognition and the Diagnostic Process in Pathology

元认知和病理学诊断过程

• 批准号: 10284893
• 负责人: JOANN G ELMORE
• 金额: $ 1.9万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-03-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10284893
• 关键词: Awareness; Baseline Surveys; Behavior; Biopsy; Categories; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Complex; Data; Decision Making; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Diagnostic Errors; Education; Educational Status; Evaluation; Feeling; Funding; Gender; Goals; Individual; Intervention; Judgment; Lead; Learning; Literature; Measures; Medical; Medicine; Memory; Monitor; Parents; Pathologist; Pathology; Patient Care; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Performance; Physicians; Postdoctoral Fellow; Problem Solving; Process; Psyche structure; Research; Research Personnel; Schools; Second Opinions; Secondary to; Skin; Slide; Stains; Testing; Thinking; Training; Training and Education; United States National Academy of Sciences; Work; base; black women; cognitive ability; cognitive process; diagnostic accuracy; improved; information processing; innovation; insight; metacognition; pedagogy; skills; skin lesion

Project Summary Metacognition, or one's ability to monitor their cognitive processes, guides problem-solving and improves the efficiency of such behavior (Davidson et al., 1994). The diagnostic process in medicine is a form of problem-solving (Foucar, 2001) implemented by physicians to successfully recognize and place certain conditions into specific categories. If done unsuccessfully, incorrect judgements or diagnostic errors can have dire consequences, resulting in overdiagnosis, misdiagnosis and even death. Approximately 10% of patient deaths are attributed to diagnostic errors nationwide (National Academies of Sciences, 2015). Assessment of metacognitive processes may offer important insights into physicians' diagnostic strategies to deter errors associated with lack of cognitive awareness during information processing. This study evaluates the relationship between physicians' self-reported confidence-level and their diagnostic accuracy. By doing so, we will identify physicians' ability to effectively gauge their own incorrect and correct diagnostic judgments, or metacognitive sensitivity. Our study goal is to determine metacognitive sensitivity of pathologists' viewing skin biopsy slides. Specifically, we will be assessing the relationship between pathologist characteristics (e.g., level of training and gender) and metacognitive sensitivity as well as metacognitive sensitivity's association with secondary diagnostic actions (e.g., requesting a second opinion). Past research demonstrates significant implications of metacognition for education (Colbert et al., 2015; Chew et al., 2016; Kosior et al., 2019). Therefore, findings from our study may improve pedagogical practices in medicine and subsequently impact patient care by contributing to the development of quality cognitive strategies for complex problem-solving, such as interpreting difficult cases in pathology. If funded, this application will provide the opportunity for Dayna Clayton, a black female research associate applying for graduate school, to lead the analytic plans for this scientific project, reinforcing the skills necessary to become an independent researcher in the domain of cognitive sciences. Ms. Clayton is a highly qualified candidate with the potential to offer promising scientific contributions to medical and cognitive science research.

项目摘要 元认知，或一个人监控其认知过程的能力，指导解决问题， 提高了这种行为的效率（Davidson等人，1994年）。医学中的诊断过程 是一种解决问题的形式（Foucar，2001），由医生实施，以成功地识别和 将某些情况归入特定类别。如果不成功，错误的判断或 诊断错误可能会产生可怕的后果，导致过度诊断，误诊，甚至 死亡大约10%的患者死亡归因于全国范围内的诊断错误（国家 科学院，2015）。 评估元认知过程可以为医生的诊断提供重要的见解。 在信息处理过程中，防止与缺乏认知意识相关的错误的策略。 本研究评估了医生自我报告的信心水平与他们的 诊断准确性。通过这样做，我们将确定医生的能力，以有效地衡量自己的 不正确和正确的诊断判断，或元认知敏感性。 我们的研究目的是确定病理学家查看皮肤活检切片的元认知敏感性。 具体来说，我们将评估病理学家特征（例如，水平 训练和性别）和元认知敏感性以及元认知敏感性的关联 利用次级诊断动作（例如，第二种意见）。 过去的研究表明元认知对教育的重要意义（Colbert et al.， 2015; Chew等人，2016; Kosior等人，2019年）。因此，我们的研究结果可能会改善 医学教学实践，并随后通过促进 发展解决复杂问题的高质量认知策略，如口译困难 病理学案例 如果获得资助，这项申请将为戴娜克莱顿，一个黑人女性研究提供机会。 助理申请研究生院，领导这个科学项目的分析计划，加强 成为认知科学领域的独立研究人员所需的技能。女士 克莱顿是一个非常合格的候选人，有可能为以下方面做出有前途的科学贡献： 医学和认知科学研究。