The effect of context on the importance of nicotine-content in choices between cigarettes and e-cigarettes

环境对尼古丁含量在卷烟和电子烟选择中的重要性的影响

基本信息

批准号：
10287794
负责人：
Cassidy Megan White
金额：
$ 5.4万
依托单位：
WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2021-07-01 至 2023-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10287794
关键词：
Abstinence Affect Burn injury Characteristics Cigarette Clinical Trials Complex Consequentialism Consumption Data Analyses Decision Making Dependence Devices Disease Drug usage Electronic cigarette Ensure Environment Expectancy Goals Health Individual Influentials Learning Literature Methods National Institute of Drug Abuse Nicotine Outcome Participant Pattern Perception Persons Process Psychological reinforcement Public Health Randomized Regulation Research Research Priority Risk Sampling Series Smoke Smoker Smoking Source Time Tobacco Tobacco use Toxicant exposure United States Food and Drug Administration Withdrawal Symptom base cigarette smoke cigarette smoking combustible cigarette control trial electronic cigarette use experimental study interest low nicotine content cigarette neuroeconomics nicotine use novel preference smoking cessation social theories tobacco products tobacco regulatory science

项目摘要

ABSTRACT Cigarettes are the most harmful tobacco products. Though not directly responsible for cigarettes’ devastating health consequences, nicotine reinforcement makes quitting smoking difficult. To benefit their health, people who smoke could seek out nicotine’s reinforcing effects from less harmful, non-combusted sources. Despite the wide availability of alternative products, including e-cigarettes that can closely match cigarette-like nicotine delivery, the majority of nicotine consumers still use traditional cigarettes. To try to ensure the most harmful tobacco products are not simultaneously the most reinforcing, the Food and Drug Administration has expressed interest in a product standard that would limit nicotine content in cigarettes to very low levels. Existing evidence from randomized control trials suggests such a standard would reduce, but not eliminate, cigarette reinforcement among people who smoke. The extent to which nicotine reduction reduces cigarette smoking may depend on the reinforcing value of alternatives, yet relatively little is known about how people who smoke anticipate the reinforcing value of very low nicotine cigarettes relative to other nicotine sources. Value based decision making, a neuroeconomic conceptualization of choice, suggests the relative value of very low nicotine cigarettes and e-cigarettes could fluctuate, depending on the weighted importance of specific product characteristics at the time of choice. Accordingly, we broadly hypothesize that the values of individual product attributes are context-dependent. Participants will make series of choices between cigarettes and e- cigarettes under different context manipulations to examine how context can change product preferences by impacting the relative importance of product type, nicotine content, and flavor. In Aim 1, an online sample of people who smoke daily will complete 6 versions of the same discrete choice experiment, where hypothetical social setting and use-prohibitions are manipulated separately. We predict being in the presence of someone else or being in an environment where cigarette smoking is prohibited and e-cigarette use is allowed will produce choice patterns where product type is the attribute most influential/predictive of choice. In Aim 2, people who smoke daily and use e-cigarette regularly will complete two discrete choice experiments in a lab based setting: once after 0.5hr cigarette and e-cigarette abstinence, and once after 12-hr cigarette and e- cigarette abstinence. We predict 12-hr abstinence, relative to 0.5-hr abstinence, will produce choice patterns where e-cigarette nicotine content is more influential in choice. A nuanced understanding of how product characteristics are valued across contexts will help regulators anticipate the effects of cigarette nicotine reduction combined with various potential e-cigarette regulations. Collecting and analyzing data using repeated discrete choice experiments will establish a new application of the method, well suited for investigating how person-, situation- and product-level features contribute to tobacco and nicotine use patterns.

抽象的香烟是最有害的烟草产品。虽然对香烟的毁灭性不直接负责健康后果，尼古丁增强使吸烟变得困难。为了使他们的健康受益谁可以从较小的有害，未施加的来源中寻求尼古丁的增强作用。尽管替代产品的广泛可用性，包括可以与类似香烟的尼古丁匹配的电子烟交付，大多数尼古丁消费者仍然使用传统香烟。试图确保最有害的烟草产品并不是最强化的，食品药物管理局拥有对将香烟中的尼古丁含量限制为非常低的产品标准表示了兴趣。来自随机对照试验的现有证据表明，这种标准会减少但不会消除，吸烟的人中的香烟加固。减少尼古丁的程度减少了香烟吸烟可能取决于替代方案的增强价值，但对人们的了解相对较少烟熏的人可以预期相对于其他尼古丁来源，尼古丁香烟的增强价值。基于价值的决策，一种选择的神经经济概念化，表明非常低的尼古丁香烟和电子烟可能会波动，具体取决于特定的加权重要性选择时的产品特征。根据每个人，我们广泛地假设个人的价值产品属性与上下文有关。参与者将在香烟和E-之间做出一系列选择在不同上下文操作下的香烟，以检查上下文如何通过在AIM 1中，一个在线样本的每天抽烟的人将完成6个版本的同一离散选择实验，假设社交环境和使用措施分别操纵。我们预测在某人的面前否则或处于禁止吸烟并允许使用电子烟的环境中产生选择模式，其中产品类型是最具影响力/选择的属性。在AIM 2中，每天抽烟并定期使用电子烟的人将在实验室中完成两个离散选择实验基于设置：0.5小时香烟和电子烟禁欲后一次，一次在12小时的香烟和E-之后戒酒。我们预测，相对于0.5小时的禁欲，12小时的禁欲将产生选择模式电子烟尼古丁含量在选择中更具影响力。对产品的细微了解在环境中的特征是值得的，将有助于监管者预测尼古丁的影响还原与各种潜在的电子烟法规相结合。使用重复收集和分析数据离散选择实验将建立该方法的新应用，非常适合研究如何调查人，情况和产品水平的特征有助于烟草和尼古丁使用模式。