The effect of context on the importance of nicotine-content in choices between cigarettes and e-cigarettes

环境对尼古丁含量在卷烟和电子烟选择中的重要性的影响

• 批准号: 10287794
• 负责人: Cassidy Megan White
• 金额: $ 5.4万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10287794
• 关键词: Abstinence; Affect; Burn injury; Characteristics; Cigarette; Clinical Trials; Complex; Consequentialism; Consumption; Data Analyses; Decision Making; Dependence; Devices; Disease; Drug usage; Electronic cigarette; Ensure; Environment; Expectancy; Goals; Health; Individual; Influentials; Learning; Literature; Methods; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Public Health; Randomized; Regulation; Research; Research Priority; Risk; Sampling; Series; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Toxicant exposure; United States Food and Drug Administration; Withdrawal Symptom; base; cigarette smoke; cigarette smoking; combustible cigarette; control trial; electronic cigarette use; experimental study; interest; low nicotine content cigarette; neuroeconomics; nicotine use; novel; preference; smoking cessation; social; theories; tobacco products; tobacco regulatory science

ABSTRACT Cigarettes are the most harmful tobacco products. Though not directly responsible for cigarettes’ devastating health consequences, nicotine reinforcement makes quitting smoking difficult. To benefit their health, people who smoke could seek out nicotine’s reinforcing effects from less harmful, non-combusted sources. Despite the wide availability of alternative products, including e-cigarettes that can closely match cigarette-like nicotine delivery, the majority of nicotine consumers still use traditional cigarettes. To try to ensure the most harmful tobacco products are not simultaneously the most reinforcing, the Food and Drug Administration has expressed interest in a product standard that would limit nicotine content in cigarettes to very low levels. Existing evidence from randomized control trials suggests such a standard would reduce, but not eliminate, cigarette reinforcement among people who smoke. The extent to which nicotine reduction reduces cigarette smoking may depend on the reinforcing value of alternatives, yet relatively little is known about how people who smoke anticipate the reinforcing value of very low nicotine cigarettes relative to other nicotine sources. Value based decision making, a neuroeconomic conceptualization of choice, suggests the relative value of very low nicotine cigarettes and e-cigarettes could fluctuate, depending on the weighted importance of specific product characteristics at the time of choice. Accordingly, we broadly hypothesize that the values of individual product attributes are context-dependent. Participants will make series of choices between cigarettes and e- cigarettes under different context manipulations to examine how context can change product preferences by impacting the relative importance of product type, nicotine content, and flavor. In Aim 1, an online sample of people who smoke daily will complete 6 versions of the same discrete choice experiment, where hypothetical social setting and use-prohibitions are manipulated separately. We predict being in the presence of someone else or being in an environment where cigarette smoking is prohibited and e-cigarette use is allowed will produce choice patterns where product type is the attribute most influential/predictive of choice. In Aim 2, people who smoke daily and use e-cigarette regularly will complete two discrete choice experiments in a lab based setting: once after 0.5hr cigarette and e-cigarette abstinence, and once after 12-hr cigarette and e- cigarette abstinence. We predict 12-hr abstinence, relative to 0.5-hr abstinence, will produce choice patterns where e-cigarette nicotine content is more influential in choice. A nuanced understanding of how product characteristics are valued across contexts will help regulators anticipate the effects of cigarette nicotine reduction combined with various potential e-cigarette regulations. Collecting and analyzing data using repeated discrete choice experiments will establish a new application of the method, well suited for investigating how person-, situation- and product-level features contribute to tobacco and nicotine use patterns.

摘要 香烟是最有害的烟草产品。虽然香烟对人类的毁灭性影响 健康后果，尼古丁强化使戒烟变得困难。为了健康，人们 吸烟者可以从危害较小的非燃烧来源中寻找尼古丁的强化作用。尽管 替代产品的广泛可用性，包括可以与尼古丁类似的电子烟 尽管如此，大多数尼古丁消费者仍然使用传统香烟。以确保最有害的 烟草制品并不是同时最强化的，食品和药物管理局已经 他表示有兴趣制定一项产品标准，将香烟中的尼古丁含量限制在非常低的水平。 来自随机对照试验的现有证据表明，这样的标准会减少，但不会消除， 吸烟的人中的香烟强化。尼古丁减少的程度减少香烟 吸烟可能取决于替代品的强化价值，但相对而言，人们对吸烟者的行为知之甚少。 吸烟者预期相对于其他尼古丁来源，尼古丁含量非常低的香烟具有增强作用。 基于价值的决策，选择的神经经济学概念化，建议的相对价值 尼古丁含量极低的香烟和电子烟可能会波动，这取决于特定的 选择时的产品特性。因此，我们大致假设，个人的价值观 产品属性取决于上下文。参与者将在香烟和电子烟之间做出一系列选择。 香烟在不同的背景操纵，以研究如何环境可以改变产品的偏好， 影响产品类型、尼古丁含量和风味的相对重要性。在目标1中， 每天吸烟的人将完成6个版本的相同的离散选择实验，其中假设 社交环境和使用禁令是分别操纵的。我们预测在某人面前 否则，或者处于禁止吸烟和允许使用电子烟的环境中， 产生选择模式，其中产品类型是最具影响力/预测选择的属性。在目标2中， 每天吸烟并经常使用电子烟的人将在实验室中完成两个离散选择实验 基于设置：戒烟0.5小时和电子烟戒烟后一次，戒烟12小时和电子烟戒烟后一次。 戒烟我们预测，相对于0.5小时的禁欲，12小时的禁欲将产生选择模式 其中电子烟尼古丁含量对选择的影响更大。细致入微地了解产品 在不同背景下评估烟草的特征将有助于监管机构预测烟草尼古丁的影响 减少与各种潜在的电子烟法规相结合。收集和分析数据使用重复 离散选择实验将建立一个新的应用程序的方法，非常适合调查如何 个人、情境和产品层面的特征对烟草和尼古丁的使用模式都有影响。