The effect of context on the importance of nicotine-content in choices between cigarettes and e-cigarettes

环境对尼古丁含量在卷烟和电子烟选择中的重要性的影响

• 批准号: 10439882
• 负责人: Cassidy Megan White
• 金额: $ 5.33万
• 依托单位: WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-07-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10439882
• 关键词: Abstinence; Affect; Burn injury; Characteristics; Cigarette; Clinical Trials; Complex; Consequentialism; Consumption; Data Analyses; Decision Making; Dependence; Devices; Disease; Drug usage; Electronic cigarette; Ensure; Environment; Expectancy; Goals; Health; Individual; Influentials; Learning; Literature; Methods; National Institute of Drug Abuse; Nicotine; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Process; Psychological reinforcement; Public Health; Randomized Controlled Trials; Regulation; Research; Research Priority; Risk; Sampling; Series; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Source; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Toxicant exposure; United States Food and Drug Administration; Withdrawal Symptom; base; cigarette smoke; cigarette smoking; combustible cigarette; electronic cigarette use; experimental study; interest; low nicotine content cigarette; neuroeconomics; nicotine use; novel; preference; smoking cessation; social; theories; tobacco products; tobacco regulatory science

ABSTRACT Cigarettes are the most harmful tobacco products. Though not directly responsible for cigarettes’ devastating health consequences, nicotine reinforcement makes quitting smoking difficult. To benefit their health, people who smoke could seek out nicotine’s reinforcing effects from less harmful, non-combusted sources. Despite the wide availability of alternative products, including e-cigarettes that can closely match cigarette-like nicotine delivery, the majority of nicotine consumers still use traditional cigarettes. To try to ensure the most harmful tobacco products are not simultaneously the most reinforcing, the Food and Drug Administration has expressed interest in a product standard that would limit nicotine content in cigarettes to very low levels. Existing evidence from randomized control trials suggests such a standard would reduce, but not eliminate, cigarette reinforcement among people who smoke. The extent to which nicotine reduction reduces cigarette smoking may depend on the reinforcing value of alternatives, yet relatively little is known about how people who smoke anticipate the reinforcing value of very low nicotine cigarettes relative to other nicotine sources. Value based decision making, a neuroeconomic conceptualization of choice, suggests the relative value of very low nicotine cigarettes and e-cigarettes could fluctuate, depending on the weighted importance of specific product characteristics at the time of choice. Accordingly, we broadly hypothesize that the values of individual product attributes are context-dependent. Participants will make series of choices between cigarettes and e- cigarettes under different context manipulations to examine how context can change product preferences by impacting the relative importance of product type, nicotine content, and flavor. In Aim 1, an online sample of people who smoke daily will complete 6 versions of the same discrete choice experiment, where hypothetical social setting and use-prohibitions are manipulated separately. We predict being in the presence of someone else or being in an environment where cigarette smoking is prohibited and e-cigarette use is allowed will produce choice patterns where product type is the attribute most influential/predictive of choice. In Aim 2, people who smoke daily and use e-cigarette regularly will complete two discrete choice experiments in a lab based setting: once after 0.5hr cigarette and e-cigarette abstinence, and once after 12-hr cigarette and e- cigarette abstinence. We predict 12-hr abstinence, relative to 0.5-hr abstinence, will produce choice patterns where e-cigarette nicotine content is more influential in choice. A nuanced understanding of how product characteristics are valued across contexts will help regulators anticipate the effects of cigarette nicotine reduction combined with various potential e-cigarette regulations. Collecting and analyzing data using repeated discrete choice experiments will establish a new application of the method, well suited for investigating how person-, situation- and product-level features contribute to tobacco and nicotine use patterns.

抽象的 香烟是最有害的烟草制品。虽然对香烟的破坏性没有直接责任 健康后果，尼古丁强化使戒烟变得困难。人们为了自身健康 吸烟者可以从危害较小、非燃烧的来源中寻找尼古丁的增强作用。尽管 替代产品的广泛使用，包括可以与香烟类尼古丁非常匹配的电子烟 目前，大多数尼古丁消费者仍然使用传统卷烟。尽量确保最有害的 烟草制品并不是同时最具强化作用的，美国食品和药物管理局已经 对将香烟中尼古丁含量限制在极低水平的产品标准表示兴趣。 随机对照试验的现有证据表明，这样的标准会减少但不会消除， 吸烟者中的香烟强化。尼古丁减少减少香烟的程度 吸烟可能取决于替代品的强化价值，但人们对于吸烟的方式知之甚少。 吸烟者预期尼古丁含量极低的香烟相对于其他尼古丁来源具有增强价值。 基于价值的决策是选择的神经经济学概念化，表明了以下因素的相对价值： 尼古丁含量极低的香烟和电子烟可能会有所波动，具体取决于特定因素的加权重要性 选择时的产品特性。因此，我们广泛地假设个人的价值观 产品属性取决于上下文。参与者将在香烟和电子产品之间做出一系列选择 香烟在不同的环境操作下，以检查环境如何改变产品偏好 影响产品类型、尼古丁含量和风味的相对重要性。在目标 1 中，在线样本 每天吸烟的人将完成同一离散选择实验的 6 个版本，其中假设 社会环境和使用禁令是分开操纵的。我们预测有人在场 否则或处于禁止吸烟而允许使用电子烟的环境中 产生选择模式，其中产品类型是对选择最具影响力/预测性的属性。在目标 2 中， 每天吸烟并经常使用电子烟的人将在实验室中完成两项离散选择实验 基础设置：戒烟和电子烟 0.5 小时后一次，戒烟和电子烟 12 小时后一次 戒烟。我们预测，相对于 0.5 小时的禁欲，12 小时的禁欲会产生选择模式 其中电子烟尼古丁含量对选择影响更大。对产品如何进行细致入微的了解 跨环境重视特征将有助于监管机构预测香烟尼古丁的影响 减少与各种潜在的电子烟法规相结合。使用重复收集和分析数据 离散选择实验将建立该方法的新应用，非常适合研究如何 人、情境和产品层面的特征会影响烟草和尼古丁的使用模式。

项目成果

Early Changes in Puffing Intensity When Exclusively Using Open-Label Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes.

单独使用开放标签尼古丁含量极低的香烟时吸烟强度的早期变化。

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac118
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: White,CassidyM;Watson,Clifford;BravoCardenas,Roberto;Ngac,Phuong;Valentin-Blasini,Liza;Blount,BenjaminC;Koopmeiners,JosephS;Denlinger-Apte,RachelL;Pacek,LaurenR;Benowitz,NealL;Hatsukami,DorothyK;Donny,EricC;Carpenter,Matt
• 通讯作者: Carpenter,Matt