Decomposing Stress Reactivity Across the Adult Lifespan

项目摘要 鉴于压力对心理和身体健康的重要性，研究人员投入了大量的精力， 注意理解影响它的因素。一些学者认为，压力反应主要取决于 人（即个性），而其他人认为，压力反应主要取决于压力源本身（即其严重性）。 其他人仍然认为，压力来自个人和他们所面临的压力源之间的特殊互动。到 调和这些观点，我将利用交叉随机效应模型建立一个综合的理论和 一种经验模型，将压力反应概念化为上述每个因素的函数;人， 压力源，以及人与压力源之间的特质相互作用。也许更重要的是，我将具体说明 每个因素的重要性随着人们年龄的增长而变化。鉴于减轻压力的干预措施是由 基本的压力科学，建立一个综合框架，以协调先前的奖学金将提供一个有价值的 确定适合年龄的干预措施的路线图。 该补助金的F99阶段将把压力反应作为日常生活中产生的心理困扰来操作。 压力源第一项研究将是一项为期3周的每日日记研究，通过以下方式最大限度地提高内部有效性和统计可靠性： 招募本科生样本。第二项研究通过利用现有数据， 来自美国国家情报局资助的中年研究。两项研究均为交叉随机效应研究设计， 使我能够对心理应激反应进行方差分解（具体目标1）。 该补助金的K 00阶段将1）复制心理压力反应性的方差分解， F99期，2）将这些发现扩展到生理应激反应的领域，3）研究是否 应激反应性的分解作为成年年龄的函数而变化。在一项大规模的心理生理学研究中，18- 75人将参与三项实验室任务，同时通过自我报告从心理上测量他们的压力反应， 通过心血管测量（心电图、阻抗心动图和连续血液测量）在生理上进行 压力）。这将允许我将方差分量（因素的重要性）与年龄（具体目标2）相关联。 总之，这项研究将利用创新的统计方法来揭示人的相对重要性， 压力源，以及人与压力源之间在整个生命周期中的压力反应相互作用。这样的发现将调和 这是对现有关于压力和衰老的研究的一种补充，从而为最佳减压干预措施奠定基础。

Project Summary Given the importance of stress for psychological and physical health, researchers have devoted considerable attention to understanding factors that influence it. Some scholars argue that stress reactivity depends mostly on the person (i.e. personality), while others contend that stress reactivity depends mostly on the stressor itself (i.e. its severity). Others still assert that stress emerges from idiosyncratic interactions between the person and the stressors they face. To reconcile these perspectives, I will leverage crossed random effect modelling to build an integrative theoretical and empirical model that conceptualizes stress reactivity as a function of each of the aforementioned factors; the person, the stressors, and the idiosyncratic interaction between person and stressor. Perhaps more importantly, I will specify whether the importance of each factor changes as people grow older. Given that stress-reduction interventions are informed by basic stress science, establishing an integrative framework to reconcile prior scholarship would provide a valuable roadmap for identifying age-appropriate interventions. The F99 phase of this grant will operationalize stress reactivity as psychological distress resulting from daily stressors. The first study will be a 3-week daily diary study that maximizes internal validity and statistical reliability by recruiting a sample of undergraduate students. The second study maximize generalizability by leveraging existing data from the NIA-funded Midlife in the US study. Both studies are of a crossed random effects study design, which will enable me to conduct variance decompositions on psychological stress reactivity (Specific Aim 1). The K00 phase of this grant will 1) replicate the variance decomposition on psychological stress reactivity from the F99 phase, 2) expand these findings to the domain of physiological stress reactivity, and 3) investigate whether the decomposition of stress reactivity varies as a function of adult age. In a large-scale psychophysiological study, adults 18- 75 will engage in three laboratory tasks while their stress reactivity is measured psychologically via self-report and physiologically via cardiovascular measures (electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, and continuous blood pressure). This will allow me to correlate the variance components (importance of a factor) with age (Specific Aim 2). Together, this research will leverage innovative statistical methods to reveal the relative importance of the person, the stressor, and the person by stressor interaction in stress reactivity across the lifespan. Such findings will reconcile existing research on stress and aging, thereby laying the foundation for optimal stress-reduction interventions.