Decomposing Stress Reactivity Across the Adult Lifespan

项目摘要 考虑到压力对心理和身体健康的重要性，研究人员花了相当多的时间 注意了解影响它的因素。一些学者认为，压力反应性主要取决于 另一些人则认为压力反应性主要取决于压力源本身(即其严重性)。 其他人仍然断言，压力来自人与他们所面临的压力源之间的特殊互动。至 综合这些观点，我将利用交叉随机效应模型来构建一个完整的理论和 将应激反应概念化为上述每个因素的函数的经验模型；人、 压力源，以及人与压力源之间的特殊相互作用。也许更重要的是，我将具体说明是否 随着人们年龄的增长，每个因素的重要性都会发生变化。鉴于缓解压力的干预措施是由 基础应激科学，建立一个综合框架来协调先前的学术研究将提供有价值的 确定适合年龄的干预措施的路线图。 这笔赠款的F99阶段将把应激反应作为日常生活中产生的心理痛苦来运作。 压力源。第一项研究将是为期3周的每日日记研究，通过以下方式最大化内部效度和统计可靠性 从本科生中抽取样本。第二项研究通过利用现有数据最大限度地提高概括性 来自美国国家航空航天局资助的美国中年研究。这两项研究都是交叉随机效应研究设计，这将 使我能够对心理应激反应进行方差分解(具体目标1)。 这笔赠款的K00阶段将1)复制心理应激反应性的方差分解 F99阶段，2)将这些发现扩展到生理应激反应领域，以及3)调查是否 应激反应的分解随成年年龄的不同而不同。在一项大规模的心理生理学研究中，成年人18- 75人将参与三项实验室任务，而他们的压力反应是通过自我报告和 通过心血管测量(心电图术、心阻抗图和连续血)进行生理学检查 压力)。这将使我能够将方差分量(某一因素的重要性)与年龄(具体目标2)相关联。 总而言之，这项研究将利用创新的统计方法来揭示人的相对重要性， 压力源，并通过压力源与人在整个生命周期内的应激反应相互作用。这样的发现将会与 关于压力和衰老的现有研究，从而为最佳的减压干预措施奠定了基础。

Project Summary Given the importance of stress for psychological and physical health, researchers have devoted considerable attention to understanding factors that influence it. Some scholars argue that stress reactivity depends mostly on the person (i.e. personality), while others contend that stress reactivity depends mostly on the stressor itself (i.e. its severity). Others still assert that stress emerges from idiosyncratic interactions between the person and the stressors they face. To reconcile these perspectives, I will leverage crossed random effect modelling to build an integrative theoretical and empirical model that conceptualizes stress reactivity as a function of each of the aforementioned factors; the person, the stressors, and the idiosyncratic interaction between person and stressor. Perhaps more importantly, I will specify whether the importance of each factor changes as people grow older. Given that stress-reduction interventions are informed by basic stress science, establishing an integrative framework to reconcile prior scholarship would provide a valuable roadmap for identifying age-appropriate interventions. The F99 phase of this grant will operationalize stress reactivity as psychological distress resulting from daily stressors. The first study will be a 3-week daily diary study that maximizes internal validity and statistical reliability by recruiting a sample of undergraduate students. The second study maximize generalizability by leveraging existing data from the NIA-funded Midlife in the US study. Both studies are of a crossed random effects study design, which will enable me to conduct variance decompositions on psychological stress reactivity (Specific Aim 1). The K00 phase of this grant will 1) replicate the variance decomposition on psychological stress reactivity from the F99 phase, 2) expand these findings to the domain of physiological stress reactivity, and 3) investigate whether the decomposition of stress reactivity varies as a function of adult age. In a large-scale psychophysiological study, adults 18- 75 will engage in three laboratory tasks while their stress reactivity is measured psychologically via self-report and physiologically via cardiovascular measures (electrocardiography, impedance cardiography, and continuous blood pressure). This will allow me to correlate the variance components (importance of a factor) with age (Specific Aim 2). Together, this research will leverage innovative statistical methods to reveal the relative importance of the person, the stressor, and the person by stressor interaction in stress reactivity across the lifespan. Such findings will reconcile existing research on stress and aging, thereby laying the foundation for optimal stress-reduction interventions.