Children's Exposure to Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution within the SHEAR Project in Rwanda

卢旺达 SHEAR 项目中儿童接触室内和室外空气污染的情况

• 批准号: 10296696
• 负责人: Egide Kalisa
• 金额: $ 7.94万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10296696
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Adverse effects; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Animals; Asthma; Authorship; Behavioral; Biomass; Breathing; Carbon; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Child Health; Colorado; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Science; Developing Countries; Development; Development Plans; Dust; Educational workshop; Engineering; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Evolution; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Funding; Gases; Government; Health; Home; Hospitalization; Household; Household Air Pollution; Immune system; Indoor Air Quality; Intervention; Ions; Kerosene; Knowledge; Laws; Lighting; Literature; Location; Lung; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Mentorship; Metals; Modeling; Monitor; Multivariate Analysis; Organ; Outcome; Paper; Particulate Matter; Peer Review; Penetration; Petroleum; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Pollution; Population; Populations at Risk; Property; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Publications; Publishing; Questionnaires; Recommendation; Reporting; Research; Respiratory Signs and Symptoms; Risk; Role; Rural; Rwanda; Schools; Science; Seasons; Source; Structure; Surveys; System; Testing; Training Activity; Transportation; Universities; Vehicle Emissions; Vision; Vulnerable Populations; Wood material; Work; ambient air pollution; arm; authority; base; biomass smoke; burden of illness; career development; cooking; cost; density; fine particles; health communication; indoor exposure; indoor pollutant; interest; knowledge translation; particle; pollutant; prevent; professor; research and development; research study; rural area; sensor; statistics; treatment arm; ventilation; wasting

Abstract: More than four million people die each year from exposure to outdoor air pollution and nearly the same number perish from indoor exposure to dirty fuels. Despite the largest burden of disease being in developing countries, the vast majority of literature has focused on wealthy nations and there is a particular absence of high-quality authorship on sub-Saharan Africa. Children are highly susceptible to air pollution health impacts due to their high breathing rates, developing lung structures and immune systems; they are thus a population of particular interest when assessing the impacts of air pollution. This is not currently possible in sub-Saharan Africa region due to a lack of scientific understanding of the sources, causes and impacts of air pollution, inefficient data collection and analysis, weak air quality standards, and inadequate funding for air quality monitoring stations. Most studies on the health effects of air pollution on children have used exposure estimates from home locations; only a small number have tested the association between outdoor air pollution levels measured inside and outside of households and a range of children’s health outcomes, thus limiting the information on the extent to which indoor and outdoor air quality affect each other. I propose here a research and career development plan to study children’s exposure to air pollution in rural Rwanda and to address these knowledge gaps. The overall aims of the research is to develop a network of low-cost monitors for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in rural Rwanda (Aim 1) and In conjunction with exposure data collected from the SHEAR trial (described below), examine the extent to which both outdoor and indoor pollution sources contribute to children’s exposure to PM2.5 (Aim 2). This research, conducted over 3 years will synthesize current data and knowledge using field measurement, modelling, surveys and multivariate analysis. The proposed project aligns well with the Sustainable Household Energy Adoption in Rwanda (SHEAR) Project (led by my mentoring team), which I will leverage for this K43. I will create a monitoring network and evaluate indoor/outdoor relationships using eligible households within with SHEAR project. Simultaneous personal (children’s) and household level measurements of exposure to PM2.5 will take place over a 3-year period (reflecting repeated measures by season). Chemical speciation of collected PM2.5 will (organic and elemental carbon, metals, ions) will allow pollution exposures (at the community, household, personal level) to be apported to various indoor/outdoor sources (i.e., vehicle emissions, road dust, biomass smoke).This research study will result in the publication of three peer-reviewed papers and a policy focused- report to the Rwanda government. This work will enable me to work directly with Drs. John Volckens and Maggie Clark, Professors at Colorado State University (CSU) and Dr Theoneste Ntakirutimana, Professor at the University of Rwanda, recognized experts in air pollution, exposure science, epidemiology, public health. The trainings activities will include (1) Engineering / sensor development; (2) Data Science and statistics ;(3) Epidemiology and health effects; and (4) Health communication.

摘要： 每年有400多万人死于室外空气污染， 因室内暴露于肮脏的燃料而死亡。尽管发展中国家的疾病负担最重， 绝大多数文学作品都集中在富裕国家，特别缺乏高质量的作品。 关于撒哈拉以南非洲的著作。由于儿童的高血压，他们很容易受到空气污染的健康影响。 呼吸频率，发育中的肺部结构和免疫系统;因此，他们是特别感兴趣的人群 评估空气污染的影响。目前在撒哈拉以南非洲地区还不可能，因为 对空气污染的来源、原因和影响缺乏科学认识，数据收集效率低下， 这些问题包括空气质量分析、空气质量标准薄弱以及空气质量监测站资金不足。大多数研究 空气污染对儿童健康的影响使用了家庭位置的暴露估计;只有一小部分 许多人已经测试了室内和室外测量的室外空气污染水平之间的关联 家庭和一系列儿童的健康结果，从而限制了有关室内环境影响程度的信息。 和室外空气质量相互影响。我在这里提出一个研究和职业发展计划， 卢旺达农村地区儿童暴露于空气污染的问题，并解决这些知识差距。的总体目标 该研究旨在开发一个低成本的农村细颗粒物（PM2.5）空气污染监测网络 卢旺达（目标1）和结合从SHRISK试验中收集的暴露数据（如下所述）， 检查室外和室内污染源对儿童接触PM2.5的影响程度 (Aim 2）的情况。这项为期3年的研究将综合目前的数据和知识， 测量、建模、调查和多变量分析。拟议项目与 卢旺达可持续家庭能源采用项目（由我的指导团队领导），我将 这个K43的筹码我将创建一个监控网络，并使用符合条件的 家庭与SHINGS项目。个人（儿童）和家庭同时测量 暴露于PM2.5将在3年的时间内进行（反映了季节的重复测量）。化学 收集的PM2.5的形态（有机和元素碳，金属，离子）将允许污染暴露（在 社区、家庭、个人级别）被提供给各种室内/室外源（即，车辆 排放，道路灰尘，生物质烟雾）。这项研究将导致三个同行评审的出版物， 向卢旺达政府提交了一份文件和一份政策报告。这项工作将使我能够直接与 Drs.科罗拉多州立大学（CSU）教授John Volckens和Maggie Clark以及Theoneste博士 Ntakirutimana，卢旺达大学教授，公认的空气污染，暴露科学， 流行病学，公共卫生。培训活动将包括（1）工程/传感器开发;（2）数据 科学与统计;（3）流行病学与健康影响;（4）健康传播。