Children's Exposure to Indoor and Outdoor Air Pollution within the SHEAR Project in Rwanda

卢旺达 SHEAR 项目中儿童接触室内和室外空气污染的情况

• 批准号: 10615232
• 负责人: Egide Kalisa
• 金额: $ 7.63万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF RWANDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10615232
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Adverse effects; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Animals; Asthma; Authorization documentation; Authorship; Behavioral; Biomass; Breathing; Carbon; Characteristics; Chemicals; Child; Child Health; Colorado; Communities; Complex; Data; Data Analyses; Data Collection; Data Science; Developing Countries; Development; Development Plans; Dust; Educational workshop; Elements; Eligibility Determination; Engineering; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Evolution; Exposure to; Fire - disasters; Funding; Gases; Government; Health; Home; Hospitalization; Household; Household Air Pollution; Immune system; Indoor Air Pollution; Indoor Air Quality; Intervention; Ions; Kerosene; Knowledge; Laws; Lighting; Literature; Location; Lung; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Mentors; Mentorship; Metals; Modeling; Monitor; Multivariate Analysis; Organ; Outcome; Paper; Peer Review; Penetration; Performance; Persons; Petroleum; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Pollution; Population; Populations at Risk; Predisposition; Property; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Publications; Publishing; Questionnaires; Reporting; Research; Respiratory Signs and Symptoms; Risk; Role; Rural; Rwanda; Schools; Science; Seasons; Source; Structure; Surveys; System; Testing; Training Activity; Transportation; Universities; Vehicle Emissions; Vision; Vulnerable Populations; Wood material; Work; ambient air pollution; arm; authority; biomass smoke; burden of illness; career development; cooking; cost; density; fine particles; health communication; indoor exposure; indoor pollutant; interest; knowledge translation; particle; policy recommendation; pollutant; prevent; professor; pulmonary function; research and development; research study; rural area; sensor; statistics; treatment arm; ventilation; wasting

Abstract: More than four million people die each year from exposure to outdoor air pollution and nearly the same number perish from indoor exposure to dirty fuels. Despite the largest burden of disease being in developing countries, the vast majority of literature has focused on wealthy nations and there is a particular absence of high-quality authorship on sub-Saharan Africa. Children are highly susceptible to air pollution health impacts due to their high breathing rates, developing lung structures and immune systems; they are thus a population of particular interest when assessing the impacts of air pollution. This is not currently possible in sub-Saharan Africa region due to a lack of scientific understanding of the sources, causes and impacts of air pollution, inefficient data collection and analysis, weak air quality standards, and inadequate funding for air quality monitoring stations. Most studies on the health effects of air pollution on children have used exposure estimates from home locations; only a small number have tested the association between outdoor air pollution levels measured inside and outside of households and a range of children’s health outcomes, thus limiting the information on the extent to which indoor and outdoor air quality affect each other. I propose here a research and career development plan to study children’s exposure to air pollution in rural Rwanda and to address these knowledge gaps. The overall aims of the research is to develop a network of low-cost monitors for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution in rural Rwanda (Aim 1) and In conjunction with exposure data collected from the SHEAR trial (described below), examine the extent to which both outdoor and indoor pollution sources contribute to children’s exposure to PM2.5 (Aim 2). This research, conducted over 3 years will synthesize current data and knowledge using field measurement, modelling, surveys and multivariate analysis. The proposed project aligns well with the Sustainable Household Energy Adoption in Rwanda (SHEAR) Project (led by my mentoring team), which I will leverage for this K43. I will create a monitoring network and evaluate indoor/outdoor relationships using eligible households within with SHEAR project. Simultaneous personal (children’s) and household level measurements of exposure to PM2.5 will take place over a 3-year period (reflecting repeated measures by season). Chemical speciation of collected PM2.5 will (organic and elemental carbon, metals, ions) will allow pollution exposures (at the community, household, personal level) to be apported to various indoor/outdoor sources (i.e., vehicle emissions, road dust, biomass smoke).This research study will result in the publication of three peer-reviewed papers and a policy focused- report to the Rwanda government. This work will enable me to work directly with Drs. John Volckens and Maggie Clark, Professors at Colorado State University (CSU) and Dr Theoneste Ntakirutimana, Professor at the University of Rwanda, recognized experts in air pollution, exposure science, epidemiology, public health. The trainings activities will include (1) Engineering / sensor development; (2) Data Science and statistics ;(3) Epidemiology and health effects; and (4) Health communication.

抽象的： 每年有400万人因暴露于户外空气污染而死，几乎相同 因室内暴露于肮脏的燃料而灭亡。尽管发展中国家的疾病烧伤最大，但 绝大多数文献都集中在富裕国家，并且特别没有高质量 撒哈拉以南非洲的作者。儿童高度容易受到空气污染的健康影响 呼吸率，发展肺结构和免疫系统；因此，他们是一个特别感兴趣的人群 评估空气污染的影响。由于一个 缺乏对空气污染的来源，原因和影响的科学理解，数据收集效率低下以及 分析，空气质量标准弱以及空气质量监测站的资金不足。大多数研究 空气污染对儿童的健康影响使用了家庭位置的暴露估计；只有一个小 数量已经测试了在内外测量的室外空气污染水平之间的关联 家庭和一系列儿童的健康成果，从而限制了室内室内的信息 室外空气质量相互影响。我在这里提出了一项研究和职业发展计划来研究 儿童在卢旺达农村地区接触空气污染，并解决这些知识差距。总体目的 该研究是为了在粗糙的情况下建立一个低成本监视器的网络（PM2.5） 卢旺达（AIM 1），以及从剪切试验中收集的暴露数据（如下所述）， 检查室外和室内污染源在多大程度上有助于儿童接触PM2.5 （目标2）。这项研究超过3年的研究将使用字段综合当前数据和知识 测量，建模，调查和多元分析。拟议的项目与 卢旺达（由我的心理团队领导）的可持续家庭能源收养（剪切）项目，我将 此K43的杠杆作用。我将创建一个监视网络并使用合格的资格评估室内/室外关系 剪切项目中的家庭。同时个人（儿童）和家庭级别的测量 暴露于PM2.5的时间将在3年内进行（反映了季节的重复措施）。化学 收集到的PM2.5的形成（有机和元素碳，金属，离子）将允许污染暴露（在 社区，家庭，个人级别）要分配到各种室内/室外来源（即车辆 排放，道路灰尘，生物质烟）。这项研究将导致三个同行评审的发表 文件和针对卢旺达政府的政策报告。这项工作将使我能够直接与 博士。科罗拉多州立大学（CSU）教授和Theoneste博士的John Volckens和Maggie Clark 卢旺达大学教授Ntakirutimana，公认的空气污染，暴露科学专家， 流行病学，公共卫生。培训活动将包括（1）工程 /传感器开发； （2）数据 科学与统计；（3）流行病学和健康影响； （4）健康沟通。