An integrative framework of cognitive control and reward modulation in children with ADHD: from brain dynamics to clinical symptoms

ADHD 儿童认知控制和奖励调节的综合框架：从大脑动力学到临床症状

• 批准号: 10296575
• 负责人: Weidong Cai
• 金额: $ 79.98万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-01 至 2026-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10296575
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Childhood; Classification; Clinical; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Computer Models; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Family; Financial Hardship; Foundations; Functional disorder; Future; Goals; Hyperactivity; Impaired cognition; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Intervention; Knowledge; Life; Link; Mental disorders; Modeling; Motivation; Neurobiology; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Nucleus Accumbens; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Prevalence; Process; Research; Rewards; Schizophrenia; Severities; Sex Differences; Social Functioning; Societies; Speed; Subgroup; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; autism spectrum disorder; base; boys; brain dysfunction; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; computational neuroscience; computer framework; expectation; girls; improved; inattention; innovation; insight; novel; psychologic; response; social

Project Summary Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurodevelopmental disorders, with prevalence rates ranging from 5-10% globally. With rising diagnosis rates in the last two decades, childhood ADHD has become a significant social and financial burden to affected individuals, families, and society at large. ADHD is characterized by impairments in cognitive control, with adverse life-long consequences for academic and social functioning. Cognitive control requires dynamic engagement of proactive and reactive control processes, and aberrancies in these processes underlie behavioral deficits, including elevated response variability and slow stopping speed. A related line of research suggests that rewards may increase stopping speed and reduce response variability in ADHD, with some individuals even reaching similar performance as typically developing children (TDC). However, the cognitive and brain mechanisms underlying proactive and reactive control, their modulation by reward and relation to clinical symptoms in ADHD are unknown. Here we develop an innovative multi-componential cognitive, neuroscience, and computational framework to address this gap and advance fundamental understanding of dysfunctional brain circuits linking cognitive control and reward systems in children with ADHD. Recent progress in cognitive and computational neuroscience has demonstrated that cognitive control relies on dynamic brain states characterized by dynamic interactions in functional brain circuits. The proposed studies will rigorously test theoretical cognitive and neuroscience models of ADHD by examining reward modulation of proactive and reactive control as well as dynamic brain circuits involving cognitive control, default mode and reward systems in children with ADHD. We will integrate multiple high-impact lines of our ongoing research on cognitive control, children with ADHD, and brain circuit dynamics. Importantly, we will leverage multiple novel computational models to uncover dynamics of cognitive and brain processes. The proposed studies will: (1) investigate how reward modulates proactive and reactive control in children with ADHD, (2) determine how aberrations in reward modulation of proactive and reactive control are related to core clinical symptoms, (3) characterize dynamic brain circuits underlying reward modulation of proactive and reactive control in children with ADHD, (4) determine how reward modulation of dynamic brain circuits involving cognitive control and reward systems are related to core symptoms, (5) identify multivariate cognitive and neurobiological features for classification of childhood ADHD and prediction of core clinical symptoms of ADHD. The proposed studies will facilitate a deeper understanding of cognitive and brain mechanisms underlying reward modulation of cognitive control, which will facilitate developing more effective and precise intervention for childhood ADHD in the future. Our cognitive, neuroscience and computational framework developed here can be widely applied to study many psychiatric disorders that manifest similar cognitive deficits, such as schizophrenia and autism.

项目摘要 注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是最常见的神经发育障碍之一， 全球流行率为5-10%。随着过去二十年中诊断率的上升，儿童 ADHD已成为受影响的个人，家庭和社会的重大社会和经济负担， 大. ADHD的特征是认知控制障碍，对儿童的生活产生不良影响。 学术和社会功能。认知控制需要主动和被动的动态参与 控制过程，这些过程中的异常是行为缺陷的基础，包括升高的 响应可变性和缓慢的停止速度。一项相关的研究表明， 停止速度和减少反应的变化，在多动症，有些人甚至达到类似的 典型发育儿童（TDC）然而，潜在的认知和大脑机制 积极主动和反应性控制，他们的调制奖励和临床症状的关系，在多动症是 未知在这里，我们开发了一种创新的多成分认知，神经科学， 计算框架来解决这一差距，并推进对功能失调的大脑的基本理解 注意力缺陷多动障碍儿童的认知控制和奖励系统之间的联系。认知和心理学的最新进展 计算神经科学已经证明，认知控制依赖于动态的大脑状态 以功能性脑回路中的动态交互为特征。拟议的研究将严格测试 ADHD的理论认知和神经科学模型，通过检查前摄和后摄的奖励调制， 反应控制以及涉及认知控制、默认模式和奖励系统的动态大脑回路 儿童多动症的症状。我们将整合我们正在进行的认知研究的多个高影响线， 控制，多动症儿童，和大脑回路动力学。重要的是，我们将利用多个新的 计算模型来揭示认知和大脑过程的动力学。拟议的研究将：（1） 研究奖励如何调节ADHD儿童的主动控制和反应控制，（2）确定奖励如何调节ADHD儿童的主动控制和反应控制 前摄控制和反应控制的奖赏调节异常与核心临床症状有关，（3） 表征儿童主动和反应控制的奖励调制的动态脑回路 （4）确定涉及认知控制的动态大脑回路的奖励调制， 奖励系统与核心症状相关;（5）识别多元认知和神经生物学特征 用于儿童ADHD的分类和ADHD核心临床症状的预测。拟议的研究 将有助于更深入地了解奖励调制的认知和大脑机制， 认知控制，这将有助于制定更有效和更精确的干预儿童多动症， 未来我们在这里开发的认知，神经科学和计算框架可以广泛应用于 研究许多表现出类似认知缺陷的精神疾病，如精神分裂症和自闭症。