Do terpenes play a role in the stress-reducing effects of a forest bathing intervention?

萜烯在森林沐浴干预措施的减压作用中发挥作用吗？

• 批准号: 10302512
• 负责人: Gregory Bratman
• 金额: $ 22.41万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10302512
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Affective; Air; Air Purifying Respirators; Anxiety; Area; Auditory; Bathing; Blood; Blood Pressure; Breathing; C-reactive protein; Cities; Clinical; Complementary therapies; Cross-Over Trials; Crossover Design; Development; Dose; Dropout; Effectiveness; Environment; Environmental Wind; Equipment; Exposure to; Foundations; Future; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Heart Rate; Individual; Inflammatory; Inhalation; Intervention; Investigation; Japan; Laboratory Study; Life; Light; Limbic System; Link; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modernization; Moods; Nature; Odors; Olfactory Pathways; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Personal Satisfaction; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Physiological; Physiology; Play; Population; Process; Psychiatric therapeutic procedure; Psychophysiology; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Reporting; Research; Risk Reduction; Role; Sample Size; Science; Serum; Smell Perception; Stress; Temperature; Terpenes; Therapeutic; Translating; Trees; Universities; Urbanization; Visual; Washington; Well in self; Work; anxiety treatment; blood pressure reduction; cost; cytokine; experimental study; forest; health inequalities; heart rate variability; improved; limonene; method development; multisensory; neurobiological mechanism; novel; novel strategies; olfactory stimulus; overtreatment; particle; primary outcome; resilience; secondary outcome; stress reduction; stress related disorder; systematic review; therapeutically effective; tool; treatment duration; treatment effect; volatile organic compound; volunteer

Project Summary Anxiety, stress, and low levels of psychological well-being -- all byproducts of some aspects of modern living -- contribute substantially to the burden of poor health around the globe. One potentially low-cost, easy to administer, and non-addictive treatment option to address these outcomes may be provided by the benefits of a specific form of nature contact: "forest bathing". This therapeutic approach involves sitting in forested areas, and in some cases interacting with trees in guided ways. The specific ways in which individual components of multisensory inputs act together to instantiate the psychophysiological benefits of forest bathing are not well understood. The objective of this proposal is to investigate the contribution of the olfactory pathway to these benefits -- specifically the component of inhalation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including terpenes -- present in forest air. We will use an individual-level crossover design in which each session is conducted independently and on different days. Participants will be outfitted with a powered air purifying respirator (PAPR) to selectively modulate exposure to a natural suite of forest-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) while present in forest environments. Each participant will undergo two forest bathing sessions, one in which VOCs are not filtered (treatment condition), and one in which they are filtered (control condition). Sessions will be separated by a 5-day washout period for each participant, and order will be counterbalanced. We will estimate the average effect of treatment over 40 distinct treatment days against 40 distinct control/filtered days. Our power and sample size calculations (N = 40) were determined using previous nature exposure studies of similar cross-over design. We are adequately powered assuming the conventional targets of α = 0.05 and β = 0.80 with a 10% anticipated dropout rate, and including temperature, wind, and light variability during treatment days. The specific aim of this project is to 1) assess whether VOC inhalation regulates increases in the HF (ms[2]) component of HRV as the primary outcome (with decreases in blood pressure, heart rate, self-reported stress, and levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum included as secondary outcomes); and 1a) assess the degree of association of absorbed dose of seven forest-derived VOCs in serum (i.e., α-pinene, β-pinene, β-myrcene, ? 3- carene, d-limonene, β- carophyllene, α-humulene) with these outcomes. Our proposed research will further scientific understanding of the role that olfactory stimuli play in the multisensory processes that are responsible for the benefits of forest bathing. This work addresses several aspects of NCCIH Research Agenda with its specific focus on the development of methods that are key to the advancement of fundamental science as it relates to mental health and well-being. Our investigations will also contribute key evidence to the development of cross-cutting and novel complementary and integrative approaches to health and well-being outcomes. Our results can be used to inform and optimize future interventions that utilize forest bathing to reduce anxiety and stress, potentially contributing to its development as a complementary treatment option for these factors that decrease global well-being.

项目摘要 焦虑、压力和低水平的心理健康--所有这些都是现代生活某些方面的副产品--在很大程度上加重了地球仪各地健康状况不佳的负担。一个潜在的低成本，易于管理，和非成瘾性的治疗选择，以解决这些结果可能是一个特定形式的自然接触的好处：“森林浴”。这种治疗方法包括坐在森林地区，在某些情况下，以引导的方式与树木互动。 多感官输入的各个组成部分共同作用以实例化森林浴的心理生理益处的具体方式还没有得到很好的理解。本提案的目的是调查嗅觉途径对这些益处的贡献-特别是吸入森林空气中挥发性有机化合物（VOC）（包括萜烯）的组成部分。 我们将使用个人水平的交叉设计，其中每个会话独立进行，并在不同的日子。参与者将配备动力空气净化呼吸器（PAPR），以选择性地调节暴露于森林环境中的天然森林挥发性有机化合物（VOC）。每个参与者将经历两次森林沐浴，一次是不过滤VOC（治疗条件），另一次是过滤VOC（对照条件）。每个参与者的会议将被5天的洗脱期分开，顺序将被平衡。我们将估计40个不同处理日与40个不同对照/过滤日的平均处理效果。我们的把握度和样本量计算（N = 40）是使用先前类似交叉设计的自然暴露研究确定的。假设传统目标α = 0.05和β = 0.80，预期脱落率为10%，并包括治疗日期间的温度、风和光的变化，我们有足够的把握度。 该项目的具体目的是1）评估VOC吸入是否调节HRV的HF（ms[2]）成分的增加作为主要结果（血压，心率，自我报告的压力和血清中炎性细胞因子水平的降低作为次要结果）;和1a）评估血清中7种森林来源VOC的吸收剂量的相关程度（即，α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、？3-石竹烯、d-柠檬烯、β-石竹烯、α-蛇麻烯）具有这些结果。 我们提出的研究将进一步科学地理解嗅觉刺激在多感官过程中的作用，这些过程是森林沐浴的好处。这项工作涉及NCCIH研究议程的几个方面，其具体重点是发展对基础科学进步至关重要的方法，因为它与心理健康和福祉有关。我们的调查还将为制定跨领域和新颖的补充和综合方法以实现健康和福祉结果提供关键证据。我们的研究结果可用于为未来的干预措施提供信息和优化，这些干预措施利用森林浴来减少焦虑和压力，可能有助于将其发展为这些降低全球福祉的因素的补充治疗选择。