An Ecological Momentary Assessment of Adolescents' Response to Targeted Rejection/Humiliation in Daily Life

青春期是抑郁的高发期，人际交往频繁。 两性关系。人际压力是青少年抑郁的最强预测因素之一。人际关系 包括有针对性的拒绝和羞辱的压力源，其中一个人被拒绝，他们的社会地位是 受到威胁，是成年人抑郁的特别有效的预测因素。然而，在我们的 了解定向拒绝/羞辱对青少年抑郁情绪的影响。首先，我们缺乏 关于青春期日常生活中这些事件性质的重要描述性信息的知识， 包括它们的频率、严重程度以及它们发生的人。其次，目前还不清楚目标有多大 与长期的抑郁情绪相比，拒绝/羞辱经历会影响抑郁情绪的瞬间变化 抑郁症状的变化。第三，靶向反应中的年龄和性别差异 拒绝/羞辱仍然没有得到充分的研究。生态瞬时评价(EMA)是一种理想的方法学 用这些问题来检验青少年抑郁症的瞬时和纵向变化 情绪和抑郁症状是对日常生活中有针对性的拒绝/羞辱的反应。这个 建议的研究将在纵向设计中使用EMA来(1)描述性地描述青少年的目标 在同伴关系和亲子关系中的拒绝/羞辱经历；(2)检查目标如何 这些关系中的拒绝/羞辱不同地预测了在 与其他形式的人际和非人际压力相关的抑郁情绪和症状；以及(3) 调查目标拒绝/羞辱的年龄和性别差异，以及年龄和性别是否存在交互作用 通过这些经验来预测抑郁情绪和症状的瞬时和纵向变化。 青少年(N=180)将在基线访问中完成抑郁症和应激性生活事件的测量，随后 通过为期9天的EMA方案评估人际压力源和抑郁情绪的经历；参与者将 在6个月的随访中重复基线访问和EMA方案。据推测，目标是 拒绝/羞辱将预示抑郁情绪和症状的暂时和纵向增加。通过 使用EMA方法和复杂的分析，拟议项目的结果将解决长期存在的问题 将青春期作为一个“风暴和压力”时期的理论问题，并找出更有效的目标 抑郁症的预防和干预。通过该项目和培训计划获得的实践经验 将促进申请者作为一名独立科学家的发展，他将研究 人际压力对内化问题的发展和维持有贡献 青春期。执行这项研究，结合培训活动和与 合作者，将加强申请者的方法和量化技能，她的知识 人际压力文学，并将进一步推动她成为一名学术研究人员的职业目标。

Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability to depression and increased flux in interpersonal relationships. Interpersonal stress is one of the strongest predictors of adolescent depression. Interpersonal stressors involving targeted rejection and humiliation, in which an individual is rejected and their social status is threatened, are especially potent predictors of depression in adults. However, there are several gaps in our understanding of the impact of targeted rejection/humiliation on adolescents’ depressed mood. First, we lack knowledge of important descriptive information about the nature of these events in daily life during adolescence, including their frequency, severity, and with whom they occur. Second, it is unknown how targeted rejection/humiliation experiences affect momentary change in depressed mood as compared to long-term change in depression symptoms. Third, age and gender differences in momentary responses to targeted rejection/humiliation remain underexplored. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is an ideal methodology with which to examine these questions about adolescents’ momentary and longitudinal changes in depressed mood and depression symptoms in response to targeted rejection/humiliation in the flow of daily life. The proposed study will use EMA in a longitudinal design to (1) descriptively characterize adolescents’ targeted rejection/humiliation experiences in peer and parent-child relationships; (2) examine how targeted rejection/humiliation in these relationships differentially predicts momentary and longitudinal change in depressed mood and symptoms relative to other forms of interpersonal and non-interpersonal stressors; and (3) investigate age and gender differences in targeted rejection/humiliation, and whether age and gender interact with these experiences to predict momentary and longitudinal change in depressed mood and symptoms. Adolescents (N=180) will complete measures of depression and stressful life events at a baseline visit, followed by a 9-day EMA protocol assessing experience of interpersonal stressors and depressed mood; participants will repeat both the baseline visit and EMA protocol at a 6-month follow-up. It is hypothesized that targeted rejection/humiliation will predict momentary and longitudinal increases in depressed mood and symptoms. By using EMA methods and sophisticated analyses, results from the proposed project will address longstanding theoretical issues of adolescence as a period of “storm and stress,” and identify targets for more effective depression prevention and intervention. The hands-on experience gained through this project and training plan will advance the development of the applicant as an independent scientist who investigates how the experience of interpersonal stress contributes to the development and maintenance of internalizing problems during adolescence. The execution of this study, combined with the training activities and consultation with collaborators, will strengthen the applicant’s methodological and quantitative skills, her knowledge of the interpersonal stress literature, and will further her career goal of becoming an academic researcher.