CD91 and cancer immunosurveillance

免疫系统识别异常细胞，并在新生肿瘤出现之前将其消除。这 防止许多恶性肿瘤的进展。在小鼠或人类缺乏这种免疫力的情况下，多发性和 会产生频繁的肿瘤。目前的免疫监测模式涉及T细胞和NK细胞的启动 豁免权。这个模型中的知识差距通过两个问题被提出：(1)分子机制是什么 在早期可获得的微不足道的抗原量的背景下交叉激发T细胞反应 新生肿瘤的发展阶段？(2)T细胞启动和激活的共同刺激因素是什么 自然杀伤细胞。我们的工作已经证明，肿瘤衍生的热休克蛋白(HSPs)在 接种疫苗，在有限数量的伴随肿瘤(多肽)的交叉呈现方面是超级有效的 抗原。热休克蛋白也能够启动共刺激信号。这两个事件都需要HSP受体， CD91在树突状细胞上表达，共同启动强大的肿瘤特异性T细胞。发布了 热休克蛋白刺激的DC产生的细胞因子可增强T细胞应答并激活NK细胞。我们的假设 当肿瘤抗原水平有限时，就像在新生肿瘤中一样，HSP-CD91途径是 对于抗肿瘤免疫反应的交叉启动是必不可少的。在人类中，对癌症的免疫反应是 受CD91表达水平变化及其多态性的影响，推动临床和翻译 这项建议的相关性。在本应用程序中，我们将确定CD91如何充当 启动对癌症免疫监测的反应。

The immune system recognizes aberrant cells and eliminates them prior to emergence of nascent tumors. This prevents progression of many malignancies. In the absence of such immunity in mice or humans, multiple and frequent tumors are generated. Current immunosurveillance model involves the priming of T cell and NK cell immunity. The gap in knowledge in this model is raised in two questions; (1) What is the molecular mechanism for cross-priming T cell responses in the context of the negligible amount of antigen available at the early stages of nascent tumor development? (2) What is the stimuli for co-stimulation of T cell priming and activation of NK cells. Our work has demonstrated that tumor-derived heat shock proteins (HSPs), introduced during vaccination, are super-efficient at cross-presentation of limited amounts of their chaperoned tumor (peptide) antigen. HSPs are also capable of initiating signals for co-stimulation. Both events require the HSP receptor, CD91, expressed on dendritic cells and together allow for priming potent tumor-specific T cells. The release of cytokines by DCs stimulated with HSPs enhances the T cell responses and activates NK cells. Our hypothesis is that when tumor antigen levels are limiting, as in nascent emerging tumors, the HSP-CD91 pathway is essential for cross-priming of anti-tumor immune responses. In humans, immune responses to cancer are influenced by variable expression levels of CD91 and its polymorphism, driving the clinical and translational relevance of this proposal. In this application we will determine how CD91 serves as an essential conduit for initiating responses for cancer immunosurveillance.