Age of acquisition effects on sign language development and brain processing

习得年龄对手语发展和大脑处理的影响

• 批准号: 10307580
• 负责人: Rachel I Mayberry
• 金额: $ 62.2万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-12-01 至 2023-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10307580
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Age; Age of Onset; American Sign Language; Birth; Brain; Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Chronic; Comprehension; Development; Dorsal; Exhibits; Exposure to; Fiber; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Growth; Home; Impairment; Individual; Infant; Language; Language Development; Left; Linguistics; Location; Longitudinal Studies; Modeling; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Population; Production; Property; Research; Retrospective Studies; Series; Sign Language; Structure; System; Testing; Time; Variant; age effect; comprehension test; critical period; deaf; deafness; design; experience; experimental study; infancy; language onset; language processing; lexical processing; literacy; neural correlate; postnatal; relating to nervous system; syntax; white matter

Project Summary Age of acquisition effects on sign language development and brain processing Age of first-language age of acquisition, L1 AoA, has lifelong effects on language abilities and brain language processing. Infants born deaf often first experience language at a variety of ages due to an inability to perceive spoken language and not being exposed to sign language until older ages. We use this naturally occurring variation in L1 AoA to model the critical period for language. In a series of studies, ask what the language and neural correlates of the critical period might be. We test the hypothesis the organization of the brain language system is an emergent property arising from interactive effects between language experience and acquisition and post-natal brain growth. We test the hypothesis with two developmental paradigms, retrospective and longitudinal. The retrospective studies test deaf adults whose ASL acquisition is complete. These studies investigate whether L1 AoA effects between the ages of 1-8 are linear with respect to the level of syntactic complexity acquired, the locus and distribution of neurolinguistic processing, and characteristics of the dorsal and ventral white matter tracts. The longitudinal studies test deaf adolescents whose ASL acquisition may be ongoing and whose L1 AoA began in infancy, or in early or late childhood. The adolescents are tested annually for three consecutive years with same experiments as used in the adult study. The language experiments are designed to test the comprehension and production of ASL sentence structure as a function of syntactic complexity. The experimental paradigms are sentence-to-picture matching, elicited imitation, syntactic priming, and spontaneous production. The neurolinguistic experiments use fMRI to investigate sentence and lexical processing. The brain structure studies use DTI to investigate dorsal and ventral white matter tract development. If the brain language system requires linguistic experience during early post-natal brain growth to become fully functional, then levels of syntactic development should correspond with the distribution and location of neurolinguistic processing in the brain as well as with the robustness of white matter tract development in the brain language network.

项目概要 习得年龄对手语发展和大脑处理的影响 第一语言习得年龄 (L1 AoA) 对语言能力和大脑语言具有终生影响 加工。由于无法理解语言，出生时聋哑的婴儿往往在不同年龄段才第一次体验语言。 感知口语，直到年龄较大才接触手语。我们很自然地使用这个 L1 AoA 中发生的变化来模拟语言的关键期。在一系列的研究中，询问什么 关键时期的语言和神经相关性可能是。我们检验组织的假设 大脑语言系统是语言体验之间相互作用产生的一种新兴特性 以及获得和产后大脑生长。我们用两种发展范式检验这个假设， 回顾性和纵向性。回顾性研究测试了已完成 ASL 习得的聋人成年人。 这些研究调查了 1-8 岁之间 L1 AoA 的影响是否与水平呈线性关系。 获得的句法复杂性、神经语言处理的轨迹和分布以及特征 背侧和腹侧白质束。纵向研究测试了聋哑青少年的 ASL 习得可能是持续的，其 L1 AoA 开始于婴儿期，或儿童早期或晚期。这 青少年连续三年每年接受一次与成人相同的实验测试 学习。语言实验旨在测试 ASL 句子的理解和生成 结构作为句法复杂性的函数。实验范式是从句子到图片 匹配、引发模仿、句法启动和自发产生。神经语言学实验 使用功能磁共振成像来研究句子和词汇处理。大脑结构研究使用 DTI 来调查 背侧和腹侧白质束发育。如果大脑语言系统需要语言经验 在出生后早期大脑发育到完全发挥功能的过程中，句法发展水平应该 与大脑中神经语言处理的分布和位置以及 大脑语言网络中白质束发育的稳健性。