Defining Embodied Characteristics of Decision Making in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

定义注意力缺陷多动障碍决策的具体特征

• 批准号: 10316100
• 负责人: Rose V De Kock
• 金额: $ 3.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-01-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10316100
• 关键词: Defining; Embodied; Characteristics; Decision; Making

ABSTRACT Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well-characterized in terms of cognitive deficits (e.g., executive function and cognitive control), but defects in perceptual and motor functions are also frequent characteristics of the condition. These functions present an important avenue for research because perception and action occur upstream and downstream, respectively, of canonical high-level impairments. Basic research to date has provided the methodological and theoretical foundations necessary to study these integrated processes, and several paradigms now exist under an embodied choice framework—describing the processes by which decision making computations can be revealed through, and retroactively influenced by, movement characteristics (e.g., during reaching movements towards competing choices). Many individuals with ADHD exhibit motor hyperactivity and other motor symptoms (e.g., reaction time variability), making this study well-suited for a better understanding of the cognition-action pathways underlying psychopathology. Additionally, it has been shown by work in my co-sponsor’s laboratory (Dr. Julie Schweitzer) that movement can confer cognitive benefits to children with ADHD performing cognitive control tasks. Aim 1 is an investigation into the potential benefit of movement conveyed to adults with ADHD during a temporal discrimination task (i.e., a two-alternative forced choice long/short discrimination of a range of durations). A previous study in our laboratory utilized this paradigm and showed that healthy young volunteers benefited from concurrent movement during temporal discrimination. In this Aim, bridging work from my sponsors’ laboratories (Drs. Joiner and Schweitzer), we hypothesize that the beneficial effect of movement will be larger in individuals with ADHD. In Aim 2, we will observe how movement reflects the parallel evaluation of two integrated stimulus dimensions that converge on a single choice in a four- alternative forced choice task. Here the stimulus dimensions map directly onto physical dimensions; the targets are arranged in a square array equidistant from the start location. This novel task design will allow us to observe in real-time (via the movement trajectory) the way that stimulus uncertainty and viewing time guide choice. Each stimulus will always have one high-certainty dimension (i.e., easy) and one low-certainty (i.e., difficult) dimension (within-subject). We hypothesize that initial movement directions will reflect prioritization of the high-certainty dimension (i.e., biased toward the relevant Cartesian axis). The task will first be developed in healthy controls before its application to the ADHD and matched control groups from Aim 1. In the matched ADHD and control task, we hypothesize that individuals with ADHD will be less effective at prioritizing high-certainty information, and thus, initial movements will be less likely to cluster around the high certainty axis. This interdisciplinary project will use methods from motor control and clinical psychology to probe the integrated processes of sensory, decisional, and motoric characteristics of ADHD that are typically studied in isolation, and may inform diagnostic and treatment methods to improve the quality of life for people affected by this condition.

摘要 注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）在认知缺陷方面有很好的特征（例如，执行 功能和认知控制），但知觉和运动功能的缺陷也是常见的特征， 病情这些功能为研究提供了一个重要的途径，因为感知和行动发生在 上游和下游，分别为典型的高级别损伤。迄今为止，基础研究 为研究这些综合过程提供了必要的方法和理论基础， 在一个具体的选择框架下，现在存在着几种范式，描述了决策的过程， 进行计算可以通过运动特性来揭示，并且可以追溯地受运动特性的影响（例如， 在达成竞争选择的运动期间）。许多患有ADHD的人表现出运动 活动过度和其它运动症状（例如，反应时间变异性），使这项研究非常适合更好地 对精神病理学的认知-行动路径的理解。此外，它已被证明， 我在我的共同赞助者实验室（朱莉·施韦策博士）工作，运动可以给儿童带来认知方面的好处 多动症患者进行认知控制任务目标1是调查运动的潜在益处 在时间辨别任务期间传达给患有ADHD的成年人（即，两种选择的被迫选择 持续时间范围的长/短区分）。我们实验室以前的一项研究利用了这种范式， 结果表明，健康的年轻志愿者受益于时间歧视期间的同步运动。在 这个目标，桥接工作从我的赞助商的实验室（博士乔伊纳和施韦策），我们假设， 运动的有益效果将在ADHD患者中更大。在目标2中，我们将观察运动如何 反映了两个综合刺激维度的平行评估，这些维度在四个维度中汇聚在一个单一的选择上， 强迫选择任务。在这里，刺激维度直接映射到物理维度;目标 以与起始位置等距的正方形阵列排列。这个新颖的任务设计将允许我们观察 实时（通过运动轨迹）刺激的不确定性和观看时间引导选择的方式。每个 刺激将总是具有一个高确定性维度（即，易）和一个低确定性（即，困难）尺寸 （受试者内）。我们假设，最初的运动方向将反映高确定性的优先级 尺寸（即，偏向于相关的笛卡尔轴）。这项任务将首先在健康对照组中开展 在将其应用于ADHD和目标1的匹配对照组之前。在ADHD和对照组中， 任务，我们假设患有ADHD的个体在优先考虑高确定性信息时效率较低， 因此，初始移动将不太可能聚集在高确定性轴周围。这个跨学科 该项目将使用运动控制和临床心理学的方法来探索感觉， ADHD的决策和运动特征通常是孤立研究的，并可能为诊断提供信息。 和治疗方法，以改善受这种情况影响的人的生活质量。