Emotional responses styles and well-being ten years later: A multimodal comparison across the lifespan

项目摘要/摘要。衰老的特征通常是身体和认知健康状况下降。一 似乎没有遵循这一轨迹的领域是幸福。年龄越大，往往表现出越高 幸福感水平，或“最佳心理功能和体验”，这一发现被称为 衰老的“悖论”。幸福感还与人们对情绪事件(即情绪事件)的反应有关 反应风格)，但记录情绪反应风格如何与年龄相关的研究还没有定论。 对情绪反应风格和年龄的自我报告研究表明，在年龄较大的队列中， 在这种情况下，年龄与遇到压力源后负面情绪的增加较小有关。实验室研究，关于 另一方面，要么在情绪反应风格上没有年龄差异，要么在以下方面表现出较差的适应性 年龄。现有的研究局限于对负面(而非正面)事件的情绪反应 以及对这些事件的初始反应(但不是恢复)。拟议的研究将试图调和 通过研究33岁到84岁的成年人的情绪反应方式是如何相关的，这些混合的发现 使用多模式情绪评估来同时和纵向(10年后)的幸福感。数据来自 第二波和第三波的中年在美国的研究将被用来比较三个有效性 评估情绪反应方式预测纵向幸福感的方法：自我报告情绪 在一项为期8天的日记研究中，在每日应激源和每日隆起发生后；面部肌电图(面部 对消极和积极图片的情绪反应的指标；杏仁核和大脑中的活动 在功能磁共振成像(FMRI)过程中查看负片和正片的同时观察纹状体。 对情绪事件的初始反应(压力源/情绪提升、消极情绪/积极情绪)将被检测为 以及从情绪事件中恢复过来(即恢复到基线水平所需的时间)。建议数 该项目旨在调查个体在1)消极情绪反应方式和2)积极情绪反应方式上的差异 在日常生活中，面部肌电和功能磁共振成像与10年后的幸福感作为年龄的函数有关；以及3)检查如何 年龄与个体在日常生活情绪反应方式、面部肌电和情绪反应中的交互作用 功能磁共振成像与10年来幸福感的变化有关。研究员的培训将在该中心进行 威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的Healthy Minds，将得到情感专家的支持 神经科学，面部肌电分析，和功能磁共振成像分析。培训计划包括旨在支持 这位研究员对脑瘫的神经生物学基础的理论理解和方法技能 情绪反应方式以及职业发展。拟议中的研究结果具有 随着人们年龄的增长，为保持和改善情绪健康和福祉所做的努力提供信息的潜力。

Project Summary/Abstract. Aging is often characterized by declines in physical and cognitive health. One domain that does not seem to follow this trajectory is well-being. Older age is often characterized by higher levels of well-being, or “optimal psychological functioning and experience”, a finding that has been termed the “paradox” of aging. Well-being is also related to how people respond to emotional events (i.e., emotional response styles), but the research documenting how emotional response styles relate to age is inconclusive. Self-report studies of emotional response styles and aging demonstrate better profiles among older cohorts, where age is related to smaller increases in negative affect after encountering stressors. Lab studies, on the other hand, demonstrate either no age differences in emotional response styles or less adaptive profiles with age. The existing research is limited by a focus on emotional responses to negative (and not positive) events and the initial reactivity (but not recovery) to those events. The proposed research will attempt to reconcile these mixed findings by examining how emotional response styles in adults ranging from 33 to 84 are related to concurrent and longitudinal (10 years later) well-being using a multimodal assessment of emotion. Data from the 2nd and 3rd waves of the Midlife in the United States study will be used to compare the validity of three methods of assessing emotional response styles in predicting longitudinal well-being: self-reported emotion after the occurrence of daily stressors and daily uplifts in an 8-day diary study; facial electromyography (facial EMG) indicators of emotional responses to negative and positive pictures; and activity in the amygdala and striatum while viewing negative and positive pictures during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The initial reactivity to the emotional event (stressor/uplift, negative picture/positive picture) will be examined as well as the recovery from the emotional event (i.e., the time taken to return to baseline levels). The proposed project aims to investigate how individual differences in 1) negative; and 2) positive emotional response styles in daily life, facial EMG, and fMRI relate to well-being 10 years later as a function of age; and 3) Examine how interactions between age and individual differences in emotional response styles in daily life, facial EMG, and fMRI relate to change in well-being across 10 years. Training of the fellow will take place in the Center for Healthy Minds at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and will be supported by experts in affective neuroscience, facial EMG analysis, and fMRI analysis. The training plan includes activities intended to bolster the fellow’s theoretical understanding and methodological skillset regarding the neurobiological basis of emotional response styles as well as professional development. Findings from the proposed study have the potential to inform efforts to maintain and improve emotional health and well-being as people age.