Predicting the developmental trajectories of cognitive and motor dimensions from preterm neonatal vocalizations

总结 在美国，每10个婴儿中就有一个是早产儿，这导致了长期的高风险。 负面健康后果。预计在不久的将来， 由于母体感染2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。虽然早产并不 必然导致发育性神经精神障碍，它与高发病率有关。 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）1-9，智力残疾10，11，注意力缺陷/多动障碍 注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）2，12，学习障碍13，大脑麻痹13，认知，社交和运动延迟 development发展2，4，8，10，14-16.与早产相关的发育风险和不确定性 可能会使看护者对未来感到困惑、压力和焦虑。而且 早产儿认知、社会和运动发育轨迹的异质性 混淆了发展问题的准确，早期检测和早期实施 治疗干预17 -21.由于某些形式的早期干预可以改善婴儿的健康状况， 患有（或有高风险）发育性神经精神障碍22 -28，一个客观，定量 预测（或改进预测）早产儿发育轨迹的方法 是迫切需要的。许多研究小组试图使用计算模型， 区分早产儿和足月儿的哭声29 -32。然而，可以预测 早产儿的认知、社会和运动发育轨迹的异质性， 不存在.此外，早产如何改变认知，社会和运动的神经基础 发展轨迹知之甚少。根据我们的初步数据显示， 杏仁核的体积选择性地受到一种基因变异的影响，这种基因变异与社交缺陷有关， 我们假设早产也会改变小鼠的认知、社交和运动发育。 从新生儿到成年早期的轨迹，通过大脑结构的可变改变， 认知、社交和运动能力。为了验证这一假设，我们将利用我们的专业知识， 计算特征选择，使用新生儿发声的变量和各种 小鼠大脑中最能解释认知、社交和运动能力差异的区域。一 积极的结果将提供急需的预测模型，以进一步探索机制基础 在小鼠模型中的认知、社交和运动发育。这将使调查人员能够 进一步评估异质性认知、社会和运动的机制和结构基础 环境和遗传风险因素的临床前模型的轨迹。

Summary One in every 10 babies is born prematurely in the US, and this contributes to high rates of long-term negative health consequences. An even higher rate of preterm births is expected in the near future due to maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. While premature birth does not necessarily result in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders, it is associated with elevated rates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD)1-9, intellectual disability10, 11, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)2, 12, learning disabilities13, cerebral palsy13, and delays in cognitive, social, and motor development2, 4, 8, 10, 14-16. The developmental risks and uncertainty associated with premature birth may overwhelm caregivers with confusion, stress, and anxiety about the future. Moreover, the heterogeneity of cognitive, social, and motor developmental trajectories among preterm infants confounds the accurate, early detection of developmental issues and the early implementation of therapeutic interventions17-21. As some forms of early intervention improve the prognoses of infants with (or at high risk of) developmental neuropsychiatric disorders22-28, an objective, quantitative method of predicting (or improving the prediction of) the developmental trajectories of preterm infants is urgently needed. A number of research groups have attempted to use computational models to differentiate the cries of preterm and term infants29-32. However, computational models that can predict the heterogeneous cognitive, social, and motor developmental trajectories among preterm infants do not exist. Moreover, the neural basis of how preterm birth alters the cognitive, social, and motor developmental trajectories is poorly understood. Based on our preliminary data, which showed that the volume of the amygdala is selectively impacted by a gene variant that is linked to social deficits in mice, we hypothesize that preterm birth also alters the cognitive, social, and motor developmental trajectories from the neonatal to early adult periods via variable alterations of brain structures relevant to cognitive, social, and motor capacities. To test this hypothesis, we will leverage our expertise in computational feature selection, using variables of neonatal vocalization and volumes of various mouse brain regions that best account for variances in cognitive, social, and motor capacities. A positive outcome will provide much-needed predictive models to further explore the mechanistic bases of cognitive, social, and motor development in mouse models. This should enable investigators to further evaluate the mechanistic, structural bases for heterogeneous cognitive, social, and motor trajectories in preclinical models of environmental and genetic risk factors.