Cognate effects in bilingual adults with and without a history of Developmental Language Disorder

项目摘要/摘要 词汇量不足与教育和职业素养较低有关。有吸毒史的成年人 发展性语言障碍(Development Language Disorder，DLD)使词汇量减少，词汇加工能力减弱 对单词理解有负面影响。单词理解，通常用准确度和速度来衡量 在图片识别任务上的(效率)，是进一步发展词汇的一项基本技能。对年轻人来说 会说两种语言的成年人，通过两种语言之间的互动来提高单词理解效率 同时活跃；跨语言共享相似语音和意义的单词(同源词， 例如，英语-西班牙语梨-佩拉)比共享很少的单词更准确、更快地被识别 无语音(非同源词，例如英语-西班牙语-苹果-manzana)。此外，在实践层面上， 同源词促进支持在学术环境中学习。对年轻双语人群的研究表明 同源词的意识促进了语言的理解和识字。目前还不清楚双语是不是 允许有DLD病史的成年人利用相关知识作为优势领域。因此，总体上， 这项工作的目的是更好地了解同源词和非同源词是否以及如何 双语成年人的理解受到DLD病史的影响。这项拟议的研究属于 NIDCD的使命是确定与长期结果相关的认知、语言和行为因素 在研究不足的人群中存在语言障碍的风险。这项工作的影响可以为政策和实践提供参考 学生残疾服务在高等教育中的应用。这项拟议的研究旨在招募50名年轻人(18-21岁) 有和没有DLD病史的西班牙语-英语双语成年人参与图片识别任务 (目标1-2)和访谈(目标3)，旨在调查双语单词理解效率和 元语言意识对跨语言促进的有用性。具体而言，拟议的研究 定量和定性地考察了DLD历史对同源词表征的影响 在以前的同源词研究中使用的正式词汇测试的准确性(目标1)，关于同源词 使用眼球跟踪方法的处理(目标2)，以及使用同源意识测试的同源有用性 现象学访谈方法(目标3)。

Project Summary/Abstract Poor vocabulary is linked to lower educational and vocational attainment. Adults with a history of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have reduced vocabulary size and weaker lexical processing, which negatively impact word comprehension. Word comprehension, commonly measured by accuracy and speed (efficiency) on picture identification tasks, is a fundamental skill for further vocabulary development. For young bilingual adults, word comprehension efficiency is facilitated by the interaction between two languages that are active at the same time; words that share similar speech sounds and meaning across languages (cognates, e.g., English-Spanish pear-pera) are recognized more accurately and more quickly than words that share few to no speech sounds (noncognates, e.g., English-Spanish apple-manzana). Additionally, on a practical level, cognate facilitation supports learning in academic contexts. Studies in younger bilingual populations suggest that awareness of cognates promotes language comprehension and literacy. It is unclear whether bilingualism allows adults with a history of DLD to leverage cognate knowledge as an area of strength. Thus, the overall purpose of this work is to better understand whether and how cognate and noncognate word comprehension for bilingual adults is affected by a history of DLD. This proposed study falls within NIDCD’s mission to identify cognitive, linguistic, and behavioral factors associated with the long-term outcomes of language impairment in an understudied population. Implications of this work can inform policy and practice of student disability services in higher education. This proposed study seeks to recruit 50 young (18-21yo) Spanish-English bilingual adults with and without a history of DLD to participate in picture identification tasks (Aims 1-2) and interviews (Aim 3) designed to investigate bilingual word comprehension efficiency and usefulness of metalinguistic awareness of crosslinguistic facilitation. Specifically, the proposed study quantitatively and qualitatively investigates the effect of a history of DLD on cognate representation using accuracy from formal vocabulary tests that have been used in previous cognate studies (Aim 1), on cognate processing using eye-tracking methods (Aim 2), and on cognate usefulness using a cognate awareness test and phenomenological interview methods (Aim 3).