Cognate effects in bilingual adults with and without a history of Developmental Language Disorder

有或没有发展性语言障碍病史的双语成年人的同源效应

• 批准号: 10311985
• 负责人: Jonathan J.D. Robinson Anthony
• 金额: $ 3.8万
• 依托单位: SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-01-01 至 2022-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10311985
• 关键词: Adult; Affect; Apple; Area; Awareness; Behavioral; Child Language; Cognitive; Comprehension; Development; Frequencies; Future; Goals; Health; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Knowledge; Language; Language Development Disorders; Language Disorders; Learning; Linguistics; Link; Literature; Measures; Methods; Mission; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Neural Network Simulation; Outcome; Participant; Pear; Policies; Population; Prevalence; Process; Reaction Time; Recording of previous events; Services; Speech Sound; Speed; Students; Testing; Time; Translations; Visual; Vocabulary; Vocabulary Test; Work; bilingualism; design; disability; experience; falls; higher education; indexing; language comprehension; language impairment; language outcome; lexical; lexical processing; literacy; psychosocial; recruit; skills; sound; visual tracking

Project Summary/Abstract Poor vocabulary is linked to lower educational and vocational attainment. Adults with a history of Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) have reduced vocabulary size and weaker lexical processing, which negatively impact word comprehension. Word comprehension, commonly measured by accuracy and speed (efficiency) on picture identification tasks, is a fundamental skill for further vocabulary development. For young bilingual adults, word comprehension efficiency is facilitated by the interaction between two languages that are active at the same time; words that share similar speech sounds and meaning across languages (cognates, e.g., English-Spanish pear-pera) are recognized more accurately and more quickly than words that share few to no speech sounds (noncognates, e.g., English-Spanish apple-manzana). Additionally, on a practical level, cognate facilitation supports learning in academic contexts. Studies in younger bilingual populations suggest that awareness of cognates promotes language comprehension and literacy. It is unclear whether bilingualism allows adults with a history of DLD to leverage cognate knowledge as an area of strength. Thus, the overall purpose of this work is to better understand whether and how cognate and noncognate word comprehension for bilingual adults is affected by a history of DLD. This proposed study falls within NIDCD’s mission to identify cognitive, linguistic, and behavioral factors associated with the long-term outcomes of language impairment in an understudied population. Implications of this work can inform policy and practice of student disability services in higher education. This proposed study seeks to recruit 50 young (18-21yo) Spanish-English bilingual adults with and without a history of DLD to participate in picture identification tasks (Aims 1-2) and interviews (Aim 3) designed to investigate bilingual word comprehension efficiency and usefulness of metalinguistic awareness of crosslinguistic facilitation. Specifically, the proposed study quantitatively and qualitatively investigates the effect of a history of DLD on cognate representation using accuracy from formal vocabulary tests that have been used in previous cognate studies (Aim 1), on cognate processing using eye-tracking methods (Aim 2), and on cognate usefulness using a cognate awareness test and phenomenological interview methods (Aim 3).

项目总结/摘要 词汇量少与教育和职业成就低有关。有以下病史的成年人 发展性语言障碍（DLD）的词汇量减少，词汇处理能力减弱， 对单词理解有负面影响。词汇理解，通常通过准确性和速度来衡量 在图片识别任务中，效率是进一步发展词汇的基本技能。为年轻 双语成人，单词理解效率是促进两种语言之间的相互作用， 同时活跃;跨语言共享相似语音和含义的单词（同源词， 例如，在一个实施例中，英语-西班牙语pear-pera）比共享很少的单词更准确，更快地识别 到没有语音（非同源词，例如，英语-西班牙语apple-manzana）。此外，在实践层面上， 同源促进支持学术环境中的学习。对年轻双语人群的研究表明， 对同源词的认识促进了语言的理解和读写能力。目前尚不清楚双语是否 允许有DLD病史的成年人利用同源知识作为优势领域。由此可见，总体 本文的目的是为了更好地理解同源词和非同源词是否以及如何 双语成人的理解能力受到DLD病史的影响。这项拟议的研究福尔斯属于 NIDCD的使命是识别与长期结果相关的认知、语言和行为因素 语言障碍的可能性这项工作的影响可以为政策和实践提供信息 残疾学生服务的重要性。这项研究旨在招募50名年轻人（18- 21岁） 有和没有DLD病史的西班牙语-英语双语成人参与图片识别任务 (Aims 1-2）和访谈（目标3），旨在调查双语单词理解效率和 跨语言促进的元语言意识的有用性。具体而言，拟议的研究 使用定量和定性研究DLD历史对同源表示的影响 在以前的同源词研究中使用的正式词汇测试的准确性（目标1）， 使用眼动追踪方法（目标2）进行处理，并使用同源意识测试进行同源有用性研究 和现象学访谈方法（目标3）。