Neuroimmune mechanisms underlying electroacupuncture effect on vascular function

电针影响血管功能的神经免疫机制

• 批准号: 10316925
• 负责人: Shaista Malik
• 金额: $ 67.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-08-16 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10316925
• 关键词: Acupuncture Points; Acupuncture Therapy; Address; Age; Aging; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Area; Autonomic Dysfunction; Autonomic nervous system; Biological Markers; Blood Pressure; Blood Vessels; Brain Stem; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Nucleus; Chronic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Crossover Design; Dahl Hypertensive Rats; Data; Development; Diagnosis; Dorsal; Drops; Effectiveness; Electroacupuncture; Equilibrium; Goals; Human; Hypertension; Hypothalamic structure; Immune system; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Inflammatory; Lead; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Mind-Body Intervention; Nerve; Neural Pathways; Neuraxis; Neuroimmunomodulation; Neurons; Neurosecretory Systems; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peripheral; Phenotype; Physiologic pulse; Physiological; Randomized; Rattus; Regulation; Research; Science; System; Therapeutic; Therapeutic Effect; Translating; Vascular Endothelium; Work; World Health Organization; arterial stiffness; base; blood pressure reduction; blood pressure regulation; cardiovascular risk factor; conventional therapy; cytokine; design; dorsal motor nucleus; endothelial dysfunction; experience; hypertension control; improved; improved functioning; indexing; modifiable risk; neurobiological mechanism; neurophysiology; neuroregulation; paraventricular nucleus; peroneal nerve; receptor; relating to nervous system; response; salt sensitive; somatosensory; study population

PROJECT SUMMARY Hypertension (HTN) is the most significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and involves multiple pathways including those in the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Antihypertensive drugs manage HTN but do not address the central sympathetic and inflammatory pathways and approximately 50% of hypertensive (HTNive) patients do not have their blood pressure (BP) controlled. The World Health Organization has suggested acupuncture for HTN; however, prior clinical trials utilizing acupuncture have shown modest or null outcomes and not achieved clinically meaningful reductions in BP. These conflicting outcomes result from the lack of a mechanistic-based approach to using electroacupuncture (EA), a form of neurostimulation. The reasons for inadequate treatment and BP control are complex, but one reason for this therapeutic misalignment may be an incomplete understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development and progression of HTN including autonomic dysfunction and resulting low-grade inflammation. Using neuroanatomical mapping, phenotyping, and recording of neurophysiological responses that correspond to neuromodulatory mechanisms underlying effects of EA, we successfully selected specific acupoints that in combination (or combined (c)EA) show complementary mechanisms of sympathoinhibition and parasympathoexcitation and not only reduce BP to clinically meaningful levels but also improve underlying autonomic dysfunction and low-grade inflammation. Our proposed study addresses one of NCCIH’s top priorities, “Determine and analyze the neural pathways by which acupuncture exerts its therapeutic effects.” Our strong preliminary data, from Dahl Salt Sensitive (DSS) HTNive rats, show that our targeted acupoints, which simultaneously activate afferents in the median, tibial, and deep peroneal nerves then modulate CNS regulation by activation of neurons in the nucleus of tractus solitarius (NTS), dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). This modulation resulted in an increase in descending peripheral parasympathetic splenic activity. Treatment with cEA also reduced presympathetic neuronal and splanchnic sympathetic nerve activities. In this study, we will investigate if cEA treatment leads to BP reduction by improving autonomic dysfunction and decreasing inflammation through the neural mechanistic pathways we have preliminarily discovered. Our main aim is to assess mechanisms of the BP lowering effect of cEA in HTNive animals and then validate the improvement in autonomic indices by translating it in mild-moderative HTNive patients. We plan to achieve this by: 1) direct assessment of the effect of cEA on neurons in the hypothalamic and brainstem regions controlling sympathetic and parasympathetic balance including NTS, DMV, paraventricular nucleus, and rostral ventrolateral medulla, as well as sympathetic and parasympathetic efferent activities; 2) investigating if cEA reduces inflammation through acetylcholinergic receptors (AChR) activity in DSS HTNive rats; and 3) using a parallel 2x2 factorial design in a human randomized control study, primarily assess effects of cEA compared to sham-EA (as well as secondarily compare sympathoinhibitory-EA, anti-inflammatory-EA, and cEA) on physiological alterations in autonomic function and secondarily on chronic inflammation. If successful, this study would address the mechanistic basis for the effects of EA as a therapeutic option for HTNive patients who are not at optimal BP goals with conventional therapy alone.

项目总结