The Role of Frontal and Temporal Brain Areas in the Perception of Phonetic Category Structure

额叶和颞叶脑区在语音类别结构感知中的作用

• 批准号: 10317460
• 负责人: Emily B Myers
• 金额: $ 51.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10317460
• 关键词: Accent; Acoustics; Anatomy; Aphasia; Architecture; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cerebral Dominance; Characteristics; Code; Complex; Comprehension; Crowding; Data; Familiarity; Felis catus; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gender; Grain; Grant; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Left; Lesion; Maps; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Occupations; Outcome; Perception; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Role; Series; Side; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Structure; Support System; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Therapeutic; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Work; flexibility; hemisphere damage; innovation; language comprehension; language processing; neglect; neuroimaging; recruit; regional difference; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; signal processing; sound; speech processing; stem; theories; virtual

ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY Successful language comprehension requires mapping a complex and variable acoustic signal onto meaningful units. Many studies show that perception of the speech signal recruits both left and right hemisphere temporal brain regions, yet only individuals with left hemisphere damage typically have deficits in processing sound structure that impact comprehension. A persistent mystery is the role of the right hemisphere in speech perception. In the current proposal, we test two key hypotheses about the role of the right hemisphere in speech sound processing. In Aim 1, a series of studies test the hypothesis that right and left temporal lobes differ in the precision with which they respond to speech, with left hemisphere showing sharp, categorical responses and the right having less precise and more gradient responses to speech. In Aim 2, motivated by work from the last grant cycle, we test the role of the right hemisphere in a process that is key to efficient language processing: learning the specific phonetic qualities of talkers. We approach these questions using converging methods, using neural decoding techniques on functional neuroimaging (fMRI) data to measure differences in neural tuning to phonetic stimuli, implementing a “virtual lesion” approach using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the consequences of left and right hemisphere disruption, and testing individuals with right and left temporal lesions to understand the functional consequences of damage to the systems supporting speech perception in both hemispheres. In concert, this work will delineate the neural systems that support efficient and flexible processing of the speech signal. This grant’s innovation stems from its multi-method approach and the focus on right hemisphere function, a neglected component of the language architecture. Finally, this line of work will inform successful remediation of stroke, revealing the roles and functions of spared left and right hemisphere systems that can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.

摘要/项目摘要 成功的语言理解需要将复杂多变的声音信号映射到有意义的 单位。许多研究表明，对语音信号的感知同时招募了左半球和右半球的颞叶 大脑区域，但只有左半球受损的人通常在处理声音方面存在缺陷 影响理解的结构。右脑在言语中的作用一直是个谜。 感知力。在目前的提案中，我们测试了关于右脑在言语中的作用的两个关键假设 声音处理。在目标1中，一系列研究检验了这一假设，即右和左颞叶在 他们对语言的反应是精确的，左半球表现出尖锐、明确的反应，而 对，对语音的反应不那么精确，更有梯度。在目标2中，受上一笔拨款的工作激励 在这个循环中，我们测试了右脑在有效语言处理的关键过程中的作用：学习 说话者的特殊语音品质。我们用收敛的方法来处理这些问题，使用神经网络 功能神经成像(FMRI)数据的解码技术以测量神经对语音的调谐差异 刺激，使用经颅磁刺激(TMS)实施“虚拟损伤”方法来检查 左半球和右半球中断的后果，以及测试患有右和左颞叶病变的人 要了解支持言语感知的系统受损的功能后果 半个半球。同时，这项工作将描绘出支持高效和灵活处理的神经系统 对语音信号的影响。这笔赠款的创新源于它的多方法方法和对权利的关注 大脑半球功能，语言体系中一个被忽视的组成部分。最后，这一行的工作将使 中风的成功治疗，揭示了备用的左右半球系统的作用和功能 这可以被用于治疗目的。