The Role of Frontal and Temporal Brain Areas in the Perception of Phonetic Category Structure

额叶和颞叶脑区在语音类别结构感知中的作用

• 批准号: 10448305
• 负责人: Emily B Myers
• 金额: $ 47.78万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2026-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10448305
• 关键词: Accent; Acoustics; Anatomy; Aphasia; Architecture; Area; Attention; Behavioral; Bilateral; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Cerebral Dominance; Characteristics; Code; Complex; Comprehension; Crowding; Data; Familiarity; Felis catus; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gender; Grain; Grant; Impairment; Individual; Intervention; Language; Language Disorders; Learning; Left; Lesion; Maps; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Occupations; Outcome; Perception; Persons; Process; Rehabilitation therapy; Role; Series; Side; Signal Transduction; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Perception; Speech Sound; Stimulus; Stream; Stroke; Structure; Support System; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Therapeutic; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Work; flexibility; hemisphere damage; innovation; language comprehension; language processing; neglect; neuroimaging; recruit; regional difference; rehabilitation strategy; relating to nervous system; remediation; response; signal processing; sound; speech processing; stem; theories; virtual

ABSTRACT/PROJECT SUMMARY Successful language comprehension requires mapping a complex and variable acoustic signal onto meaningful units. Many studies show that perception of the speech signal recruits both left and right hemisphere temporal brain regions, yet only individuals with left hemisphere damage typically have deficits in processing sound structure that impact comprehension. A persistent mystery is the role of the right hemisphere in speech perception. In the current proposal, we test two key hypotheses about the role of the right hemisphere in speech sound processing. In Aim 1, a series of studies test the hypothesis that right and left temporal lobes differ in the precision with which they respond to speech, with left hemisphere showing sharp, categorical responses and the right having less precise and more gradient responses to speech. In Aim 2, motivated by work from the last grant cycle, we test the role of the right hemisphere in a process that is key to efficient language processing: learning the specific phonetic qualities of talkers. We approach these questions using converging methods, using neural decoding techniques on functional neuroimaging (fMRI) data to measure differences in neural tuning to phonetic stimuli, implementing a “virtual lesion” approach using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to examine the consequences of left and right hemisphere disruption, and testing individuals with right and left temporal lesions to understand the functional consequences of damage to the systems supporting speech perception in both hemispheres. In concert, this work will delineate the neural systems that support efficient and flexible processing of the speech signal. This grant’s innovation stems from its multi-method approach and the focus on right hemisphere function, a neglected component of the language architecture. Finally, this line of work will inform successful remediation of stroke, revealing the roles and functions of spared left and right hemisphere systems that can be leveraged for therapeutic purposes.

摘要/项目总结 成功的语言理解需要将复杂多变的声音信号映射到有意义的 单位许多研究表明，对语音信号的感知会同时激活左右半球的颞叶 大脑区域，但只有左半球受损的个体通常在处理声音方面存在缺陷 影响理解的结构。一个持续的谜团是右半球在语言中的作用 perception.在目前的提议中，我们测试了两个关于右半球在言语中的作用的关键假设 声音处理在目标1中，一系列的研究测试了左右颞叶在大脑皮层中不同的假设。 他们对语言的反应是精确的，左半球表现出尖锐的、明确的反应， 对语音的反应不那么精确，更有梯度。在目标2中，受上一次赠款工作的激励 循环，我们测试了右半球在有效语言处理过程中的作用：学习 说话者的特殊语音品质。我们使用收敛方法来处理这些问题，使用神经网络， 功能性神经成像（fMRI）数据的解码技术，以测量神经调谐到语音的差异 刺激，使用经颅磁刺激（TMS）实施“虚拟病变”方法来检查 左半球和右半球中断的后果，并测试患有右颞叶和左颞叶病变的个体 为了了解支持言语感知的系统受损的功能后果， 半球与此同时，这项工作将描绘支持高效和灵活处理的神经系统 的语音信号。这项补助金的创新源于其多方法的方法和对权利的关注 大脑半球功能，语言结构中被忽视的一个组成部分。最后，这一行的工作将告知 中风的成功补救，揭示了备用的左半球和右半球系统的作用和功能 可以用于治疗目的。