Analysis of Chemosensory Receptor Genes

化学感应受体基因分析

• 批准号: 10320977
• 负责人: John R Carlson
• 金额: $ 35.43万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-01-01 至 2025-12-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10320977
• 关键词: Affect; Alleles; Anatomy; Animals; Attention; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological; Biological Models; Biology; Chemicals; Code; Communication; Complex; Courtship; Data; Detection; Disease; Drosophila genus; Drosophila melanogaster; Electrophysiology (science); Environment; Exposure to; Female; Food; Fruit; Gene Cluster; Genes; Geography; Goals; Human; Hybrids; Hydrocarbons; Individual; Insect Control; Insect Vectors; Insecta; Label; Lead; Leg; Life; Logic; Maps; Measures; Mediating; Molecular; Molecular Genetics; Mutation; Neurons; Odors; Operating System; Organ; Organism; Orthologous Gene; Output; Partner in relationship; Perception; Persons; Pheromone; Pheromone Receptors; Receptor Gene; Reporter; Role; Series; Sex Behavior; Signal Transduction; Specificity; System; Taste Perception; Technology; Testing; Tissues; Translating; base; connectome; design; experimental study; fly; gain of function; gene function; genetic analysis; human disease; insect disease vector; insight; loss of function; male; mating behavior; mutant; neural circuit; new technology; olfactory stimulus; optogenetics; postsynaptic neurons; receptor; response; sensory input; sex

PROJECT SUMMARY The long-term goal of this project is to elucidate basic principles of chemosensory perception. It seeks to explain at the molecular, cellular, and circuit levels how chemosensory information is encoded. The experimental plan takes advantage of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model system, which allows incisive molecular genetic analysis of chemosensory receptors, neurons, and circuits, and of the functions they perform. The project considers a kind of chemical information that underlies one of the most ancient and fundamental of biological problems: how an animal detects a mate of its own species. A cluster of four ionotropic receptor genes, IR52a, IR52b, IR52c, and IR52d, the chemosensory neurons in which they are expressed, and the circuitry they activate will be analyzed to test hypotheses about their role in mate detection. The first aim will provide a rigorous analysis of the expression and function of these genes in Drosophila melanogaster, as well as analyzing their counterparts from a related species. The experimental plan is designed to test hypotheses about the molecular logic of mate detection. The second aim takes advantage of a recent advance in electrophysiology that allows new analysis of the cellular responses to pheromones. The proposed experiments are designed to provide pheromone-to-neuron and pheromone-to-receptor maps of a chemosensory organ. The aim may also provide a new "empty pheromone neuron" system useful in analyzing pheromone receptors of a variety of species and in identifying compounds that activate or inhibit them. The third aim exploits a new means of labeling neural circuits. It measures the responses of second-order neurons to pheromones. It also tests the hypothesis that pheromonal input from taste neurons is combined with olfactory input at an early stage of processing, before ultimately being translated into behavioral output. Diseases carried by insects afflict hundreds of millions of people each year. These insects detect their mates and their human hosts largely through their chemosensory systems. Advances in understanding these chemosensory systems may lead to new means of manipulating them and of thereby controlling these insect vectors of human disease.

项目摘要 这个项目的长期目标是阐明化学感受的基本原理， perception.它试图在分子、细胞和电路水平上解释化学感受器是如何 信息被编码。实验计划利用果蝇 作为一个模型系统，它允许精辟的分子遗传学分析， 化学感受器，神经元和电路，以及它们执行的功能。 该项目考虑了一种化学信息，这种信息是人类历史上最重要的信息之一。 一个古老而基本的生物学问题：动物如何发现自己的配偶 物种一组四个离子型受体基因，IR52a，IR52b，IR52c和IR52d， 表达它们的化学感受神经元，以及它们激活的电路将被激活。 分析来测试关于它们在配偶检测中的作用的假设。 第一个目标将提供一个严格的分析的表达和功能，这些 基因在果蝇，以及分析他们的同行从一个相关的 物种该实验计划旨在测试关于以下分子逻辑的假设： 配偶检测 第二个目标利用了电生理学的最新进展， 细胞对信息素反应的新分析建议的实验是 旨在提供信息素到神经元和信息素到受体的地图， 化学感受器该目标还可能提供一种新的“空信息素神经元”系统 可用于分析多种物种的信息素受体和鉴定化合物 激活或抑制它们。 第三个目标是开发一种标记神经回路的新方法。它测量 二级神经元对信息素的反应它还检验了假设， 来自味觉神经元的信息素输入在嗅觉输入的早期阶段与嗅觉输入相结合。 在最终转化为行为输出之前， 昆虫传播的疾病每年折磨着数亿人。这些 昆虫主要通过它们的化学感受系统来探测它们的配偶和人类宿主。 了解这些化学感受系统的进展可能会导致新的手段， 操纵它们，从而控制这些人类疾病的昆虫载体。