Zoonotic and Emerging Infectious Diseases Training Program

人畜共患病和新发传染病培训计划

• 批准号: 10328262
• 负责人: Walter Godfrey Jaoko
• 金额: $ 23.59万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-04-01 至 2023-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10328262
• 关键词: Address; Africa South of the Sahara; Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Bachelor' s Degree; Behavior; Clinical; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Consumption; Disease; Doctor of Philosophy; Domestic Animals; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Endemic Diseases; Epidemic; Epidemiology; Faculty; Government; Health; Hot Spot; Human; Hunger; In Situ; Individual; Infection; Institute of Medicine (U.S.); Investigation; Kenya; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Research; Livestock; Medical Education; Medical Research; Medicine; Outcome; Pathogenesis; Persons; Physicians; Population; Population Growth; Positioning Attribute; Poverty; Reporting; Research Institute; Risk; Structure; Time; Training; Training Programs; United States; Universities; Veterinarians; Veterinary Education; Veterinary Medicine; Washington; Zoonoses; burden of illness; clinical care; cohort; college; design; disorder risk; epidemiology study; farmer; human pathogen; improved; microbial; pathogen; pressure; response; transmission process

Project Summary The landmark Institute of Medicine report, “Emerging Infections: Microbial Threats to Health in the United States" highlighted the importance of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and improved control for zoonotic infectious diseases—60% of all human pathogens are directly transmitted from or emergent from animal reservoirs. Critically, zoonotic pathogen emergence and transmission occurs in “hot spots”—ecologically and epidemiologically defined regions where domestic animal and wildlife interactions with humans are concentrated and often exacerbated by presence of arthropod vectors responsible for transmission. Understanding the behavior of zoonotic pathogens, including mechanisms of emergence, persistence and spread that underlie effective surveillance and response, is widely recognized as critically important to addressing emerging infections. Both endemic and epidemic zoonotic diseases have a disproportionate impact in sub-Saharan Africa. The reliance on livestock for livelihoods, population growth and land pressure that increasingly brings people and domestic animals in contact with wildlife, and the persistent poverty and hunger that underlies consumption of bushmeat and sick or dead livestock all contribute to this high endemic disease burden and elevated risk for pathogen emergence. Kenya is representative of this zoonotic disease burden and risk: two-thirds of the population are farmers with >80% having livestock amid increasing pressure for arable land adjacent to a rich diversity of wildlife. The highest priority to strengthen capacity is integrated post-graduate training for clinically-trained individuals in both laboratory and field epidemiologic research. Medical and veterinary education in Kenya, culminating in a bachelor degree in either medicine or veterinary medicine, is highly clinically focused—helping meet needs for clinical care but does not provide sufficient training to identify knowledge gaps, design approaches to address these gaps, conduct investigations, and analyze results/outcomes. We propose to address this training gap using two tracks: i) PhD training for clinically- trained individuals currently at a junior level and whose positions allow full-time commitment (6 individuals; training duration of 4 years), and ii) structured modular training for individuals currently in ministerial and other governmental positions to strengthen capacity in situ (two 2-year cohorts, each of 5 individuals). We have identified a strong candidate pool, all of whom have completed MSc/MPH/MMed training. Critically, in both training tracks, physicians and veterinarians will be a single, integrated cohort. Training, including field and laboratory research, will take place in Kenya, an integrated collaboration among the University of Nairobi College of Medicine and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, and the Kenya Medical Research Institute.

项目摘要 具有里程碑意义的医学研究所报告，“新出现的感染： 美国”强调了流行病学、发病机理和改进控制的重要性 对于人畜共患传染病----60%的人类病原体是直接从或紧急传播的 从动物水库。重要的是，人畜共患病病原体的出现和传播发生在“热 点”-生态学和流行病学定义的区域，家畜和野生动物 与人类的相互作用是集中的，并往往因节肢动物媒介的存在而加剧 负责传输。了解人畜共患病病原体的行为，包括机制 作为有效监测和应对的基础， 被认为对应对新出现的感染至关重要。 地方病和流行性动物传染病在撒哈拉以南非洲的影响特别大。 对牲畜生计的依赖、人口增长和土地压力越来越大， 人类和家畜与野生动物接触，以及持续的贫困和饥饿， 肉类和生病或死亡的牲畜的消费都有助于这种高度流行 疾病负担和病原体出现的风险增加。肯尼亚是这种人畜共患病的代表 疾病负担和风险：三分之二的人口是农民，其中80%以上的人口有牲畜， 对邻近丰富多样的野生动物的可耕地的压力越来越大。 加强能力的最高优先事项是为临床培训过的医生提供综合研究生培训。 在实验室和现场流行病学研究中的个人。医学和兽医教育 肯尼亚，最终在医学或兽医学学士学位，是高度临床 重点-帮助满足临床护理需求，但没有提供足够的培训， 知识差距，设计解决这些差距的方法，进行调查，并分析 结果/成果。我们建议通过两条途径来解决这一培训差距：i）临床博士培训- 受过培训的人员，目前处于初级水平，其职位允许全职承诺（6 培训时间为4年），以及ii）为目前在 部级和其他政府职位，以加强实地能力（两个两年期，每个5个 个人）。我们已经确定了一个强大的候选人池，所有这些人都完成了MSc/MPH/MMed 训练至关重要的是，在这两个培训轨道，医生和兽医将是一个单一的，综合的队列。 培训，包括实地和实验室研究，将在肯尼亚进行， 内罗毕大学医学院和华盛顿兽医学院 州立大学和肯尼亚医学研究所。